比哈尔无须魮 · Onespot Barb
概要
| 字段 | 值 |
|---|---|
| 类别 | 鱼 |
| 学名 | Puntius terio |
| 别名 | 单点无须魮、比哈爾無鬚魮、單點無鬚魮、Cyprinus terio、Barbus terio、Systomus gibbosus |
| 分类 | 鲤形目 Cypriniformes › 鲤科 Cyprinidae › Puntius |
| 水体 | 淡水 |
| 原产地 | 孟加拉国、印度北部、尼泊尔及巴基斯坦 |
| 成体体长 | 9 cm |
| 饲养难度 | 入门 |
| 最小水体 | 72 L |
| 最小缸长 | 80 cm |
| 群居方式 | 群游 |
| 性情 | 温和 |
| 外部数据 | seriouslyfish puntius-terio;fishbase 12163 |
水质参数
| 参数 | 耐受范围 | 最适范围 | 单位 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 水温 | 18–26 | — | °C |
| pH | 6.5–7.5 | — | — |
| 总硬度 | 2–12 | — | dGH |
概述
比哈尔无须魮（Puntius terio）是分布广却不常出现在观赏鱼市场的群游鱼。不同种群颜色有所变化，鳃盖朦胧的金黄色斑和尾柄暗斑是共同特征，状态好的雄鱼尤其醒目。
分布与栖息地
原生范围从巴基斯坦经印度北部至尼泊尔和孟加拉国，覆盖印度河、恒河、布拉马普特拉河部分流域及许多支流。印度海得拉巴的一条记录仍需确认。它可能主要生活在小河与溪流，雨季进入临时淹水区域，看起来偏好泥或淤泥底的较静水域；具体环境会随地点和季节变化。
饲养环境
缸底面积至少约 80 × 30 厘米。装饰不必固定，可用沙砾、圆石、沉木及根枝组成自然风格。柔和照明下可加入耐阴植物。持续的日常维护比追求某一种造景形式更重要。
食性与喂食
可能兼食蠕虫、昆虫、其他小型无脊椎动物以及植物材料和有机碎屑。人工饲养通常易于喂食，用优质薄片、颗粒搭配水蚤、丰年虾和摇蚊幼虫等，部分干粮应有植物或藻类成分。
习性与混养
总体温和，建议至少 8～10 条。充足同伴有助减少胆怯，也能让雄鱼在展示时呈现更好的体色。可与体型和环境需求合适的小型鲤科鱼、灯鱼、彩虹鱼或部分底栖鱼混养，逐种评估即可。
雌雄区分
雄鱼略小、纤细，尾柄金黄色通常更明显。某些种群中，状态好的雄鱼金黄色可沿侧面一直延伸至鳃盖，繁殖状态时尤其浓烈。
补充说明
尾柄暗斑外常有宽窄不一的金黄色边缘，背鳍也可能出现不规则暗点和短纹，有时连成纵带。产地与状态造成的差异不应被直接当作不同物种的依据。
图片
图片来自 SeriouslyFish,版权归各摄影者所有。
English
Overview
Puntius terio is widely distributed in nature but relatively uncommon in the aquarium trade. Color varies between populations, yet the diffuse golden gill-cover patch and dark tail-base spot remain characteristic. Well-conditioned males can be particularly attractive.
Distribution & habitat
The native range runs from Pakistan through northern India to Nepal and Bangladesh, covering parts of the Indus, Ganges and Brahmaputra systems and many tributaries. A record from Hyderabad still requires confirmation. It probably occupies smaller rivers and streams, moving into temporarily flooded areas during rains. Quiet water over mud or silt appears to be preferred, with conditions varying by season and locality.
Aquarium setup
Allow a footprint of at least approximately 80 × 30 cm. Sand or gravel, rounded rocks, branches and roots make a suitable natural arrangement, though no particular decorative style is essential. Shade-tolerant plants can be used with restrained lighting. Regular maintenance is more important than reproducing a fixed layout.
Diet & feeding
It likely eats small invertebrates along with plant material and detritus. Captive feeding is usually straightforward. Combine quality flakes or granules with water fleas, brine shrimp and bloodworm, and include some dry food with plant or algal ingredients.
Behaviour & compatibility
Generally peaceful, it should be kept in a group of eight to ten or more. Company reduces nervousness and promotes stronger male displays. Suitable small cyprinids, tetras, rainbowfishes and selected bottom dwellers may be considered after checking size and environmental compatibility.
Sexual dimorphism
Males are slightly smaller and slimmer, with stronger golden color around the caudal peduncle. In some populations this color extends forwards along the flank towards the gill cover, becoming especially intense in breeding condition.
Notes
A variable golden border usually surrounds the dark tail-base mark. Irregular dark spots or streaks may decorate the dorsal fin and sometimes join into a lengthwise band. Variation associated with population or condition should not by itself be interpreted as evidence of a different species.
来源
- https://www.seriouslyfish.com/species/puntius-terio(抓取于 2026-10-10)
puntius-terio · 文件: data/species/puntius-terio.md · 状态: 草稿