须唇野鲮 · Rainbow Shark
概要
| 字段 | 值 |
|---|---|
| 类别 | 鱼 |
| 学名 | Epalzeorhynchos frenatum |
| 别名 | 虹彩野鲮、须唇角鱼、鬚唇野鯪、虹彩野鯪、鬚唇角魚、Labeo frenatus、Epalzeorhynchus frenatus、Labeo erythrura |
| 分类 | 鲤形目 Cypriniformes › 鲤科 Cyprinidae › Epalzeorhynchos |
| 水体 | 淡水 |
| 原产地 | 柬埔寨、老挝、泰国 |
| 成体体长 | 15 cm |
| 饲养难度 | 中等 |
| 最小水体 | 243 L |
| 最小缸长 | 120 cm |
| 群居方式 | 独居 |
| 领地性 | 是 |
| 外部数据 | seriouslyfish epalzeorhynchos-frenatum;fishbase 12069 |
| 食性 | 杂食 |
水质参数
| 参数 | 耐受范围 | 最适范围 | 单位 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 水温 | 20–26 | — | °C |
| pH | 6.5–8 | — | — |
| 总硬度 | 2–15 | — | dGH |
概述
须唇野鲮（Epalzeorhynchos frenatum）幼鱼常躲藏，长大后领地意识却明显增强，不能把幼鱼的安静表现当作长期混养保证。它会啃藻，也需要正常、均衡的投喂；寿命可能超过 15 年，应按长期成鱼饲养规划。
分布与栖息地
被报道原产泰国、老挝和柬埔寨，涉及湄公河、昭披耶河和湄功河等水系，但部分记录与近缘种混淆，实际范围不明确。野外通常在河溪沙石底部啃食，雨季进入被淹平原或林地；水坝与湿地改变可能扰乱这种迁移。
饲养环境
提供足够藏身处，可用石砾、圆石、沉木及附生水草构成溪流环境。较亮光照可促生附着藻与微生物。保持清洁水体、较高溶氧和适度水流，避免有机污物积累；布局需要兼顾领地区隔。
食性与喂食
天然取食包括藻类、小型甲壳类和昆虫幼虫。日常搭配优质干粮、红虫、水蚤、丰年虾及植物性食物，可用去壳豌豆、黄瓜、烫软西葫芦或菠菜。适应后也会到中层抢食，不能只靠缸内藻类养它。
习性与混养
多数家庭缸以一条为宜，成年后尤其容易追赶外形相近的鱼以及其他底层鱼。混养可优先考虑健壮活跃的上层群游鱼，并让本种最后入缸，减少预先占据全缸的机会。个体差异很大，某些鳅类被容忍的观察不能当作所有混养组合都安全。极大缸尝试多条时，每条仍可能需要直径约 1 m 的领地。
雌雄区分
成熟雌鱼明显较厚实，雄鱼臀鳍边缘通常应有深色边；幼鱼不能准确靠外观分性别。
繁殖
商业繁殖使用激素催产，家庭水族箱中尚缺少明确成功记录。这种生产方式不能直接作为自然缸内繁殖的范例。
补充说明
市售有白化及缺红色素品系，后者有时被误认成虹彩野鲮（Epalzeorhynchos munense）。商品颜色不能单独决定物种身份；野生分布及养殖鱼是否杂交也有未解决的问题。
图片
图片来自 SeriouslyFish,版权归各摄影者所有。
English
Overview
A shy juvenile Epalzeorhynchos frenatum can develop into a strongly territorial adult. Plan for that change rather than judging compatibility from newly purchased youngsters. Algae grazing is only part of its feeding, and a potential lifespan beyond fifteen years makes it a long-term commitment.
Distribution & habitat
Reported occurrences span Thailand, Laos and Cambodia, although disagreement and confusion with relatives complicate the range. It grazes mineral surfaces in rivers and streams and moves into flooded land during the wet season. Changes to rivers and wetlands may disrupt these movements.
Aquarium setup
Give it sheltered retreats among stones and wood, with hardy attached plants if desired. Brighter areas encourage biofilm growth. Effective filtration, oxygenation and moderate circulation are important because accumulated organic waste is poorly tolerated. Arrange cover to divide available space.
Diet & feeding
Combine prepared food with small live or frozen invertebrates and fresh plant material. Its natural grazing includes both algae and animals. Vegetables such as shelled peas, cucumber and softened zucchini provide variety. Settled fish may rise into open water for food; natural algal growth is not a complete feeding plan.
Behaviour & compatibility
One individual is the practical choice for most aquaria. Adults may pursue similar-looking fishes and other bottom occupants persistently. Robust upper-water schooling companions are generally better candidates. Introduce it after other residents to reduce early monopolization. Reports of tolerance toward certain loaches do not guarantee compatibility, and multiple adults require an exceptionally large, heavily structured enclosure.
Sexual dimorphism
Females become fuller-bodied at maturity. Males are expected to show a dark anal-fin margin, but juveniles cannot be sexed reliably by appearance.
Breeding
Commercial farms use hormonal induction. Successful reproduction in private aquaria has not been established, so farm production should not be mistaken for a demonstrated home breeding method.
Notes
Albino and red-pigment-deficient cultivated forms are available. Pale-finned fish have been confused with Epalzeorhynchos munense, and possible aquaculture hybridization adds uncertainty. Color alone is insufficient to settle identity.
来源
- https://www.seriouslyfish.com/species/epalzeorhynchos-frenatum(抓取于 2026-10-10)
epalzeorhynchos-frenatum · 文件: data/species/epalzeorhynchos-frenatum.md · 状态: 草稿