楯齿孔首丽体鱼 · Snail-Crusher Hap
概要
| 字段 | 值 |
|---|---|
| 类别 | 鱼 |
| 学名 | Trematocranus placodon |
| 别名 | 楯齒孔首麗體魚 |
| 分类 | 慈鲷目 Cichliformes › 慈鲷科 Cichlidae › Trematocranus |
| 水体 | 淡水 |
| 成体体长 | 25 cm |
| 饲养难度 | 中等 |
| 最小水体 | 257 L |
| 最小缸长 | 150 cm |
| 外部数据 | seriouslyfish trematocranus-placodon;fishbase 2217 |
| 原产地 | 马拉维湖 |
| 食性 | 肉食 |
| 领地性 | 是 |
| 特征 | 翻底砂: 是 |
| 繁殖方式 | 口孵 |
水质参数
| 参数 | 耐受范围 | 最适范围 | 单位 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 水温 | 24–28 | — | °C |
| pH | 7.6–8.8 | — | — |
| 总硬度 | 10–25 | — | dGH |
概述
楯齿孔首丽体鱼（Trematocranus placodon）是体型较大的马湖慈鲷，特殊咽齿能压碎螺壳。雄鱼领地范围大，对其他雄鱼有攻击性，饲养时应先安排足够空间与合理性别比例，而非只看混养鱼的大小。
分布与栖息地
马拉维湖特有种，生活在浅水区，常见于苦草属水草丛中或附近。
饲养环境
以至少 150 cm 长的缸为基础，铺沙，用石堆形成洞穴，同时保留大块开阔游泳空间。成片种植苦草可模拟生境，也要留开放底床供繁殖。缸内不宜有强水流。
食性与喂食
野外主要吃螺类，以强壮咽齿磨碎外壳。人工个体通常接受多种食物，可搭配活饵、冻饵和干粮，并在条件允许时加入螺类。
习性与混养
空间不特别大时，单养缸更合适。大缸可考虑其他大型马湖慈鲷，但每条雄鱼都需足够领地。长度不足约 183 cm 的缸只宜保留一条雄鱼，每雄搭配数条雌鱼。
雌雄区分
成年雄鱼略大，色彩明显比雌鱼鲜艳。
繁殖
雌鱼口孵，繁殖并不轻松。建议以一雄配 3～6 雌，提供至少 150 cm 长的繁殖缸、大片沙地与成片水草。
雄鱼挖出较大的沙坑，持续维护和守卫，并展示鲜艳体色吸引雌鱼。雌鱼在坑内产卵，经雄鱼受精后收入口中。一窝可达约 100 枚，雌鱼停食口孵约 3 周后释放鱼苗。
转移含卵雌鱼需慎重，过大压力可能导致提前吐卵或吞卵。有经验的繁殖者也会在约两周时人工取苗另养，但不宜当作必须步骤。鱼苗释放时已能接受丰年虾无节幼体。
图片
图片来自 SeriouslyFish,版权归各摄影者所有。
English
Overview
Specialized throat teeth allow Trematocranus placodon to crush snail shells. This large Malawi cichlid needs substantial space, particularly because males defend broad territories and are aggressive toward one another.
Distribution & habitat
The species is endemic to Lake Malawi. It occupies shallow water, frequently within or beside stands of Vallisneria.
Aquarium setup
Begin with a tank at least 150 cm long. Provide sand, rock caves, and ample open swimming space. Dense patches of Vallisneria can recreate part of the habitat, while open bottom areas provide potential spawning sites. Avoid strong water movement.
Diet & feeding
Snails are the main wild food, their shells being processed by powerful pharyngeal teeth. Captive fish usually accept a broad selection of live, frozen, and dry foods. Include snails when available.
Behaviour & compatibility
A dedicated aquarium is preferable unless accommodation is very large. Other substantial Malawi cichlids can be considered in spacious quarters. Keep only one male in tanks shorter than approximately 183 cm, with several females to accompany him.
Sexual dimorphism
Mature males are slightly larger and considerably more colorful than females.
Breeding
Reproduction is challenging and involves maternal mouthbrooding. A group of one male and three to six females is suggested, with a breeding tank at least 150 cm long, extensive sand, and planted patches.
The male excavates a sizeable depression, maintains it as a territory, and displays to attract females. Eggs laid by a receptive female are fertilized before she takes them into her mouth. A brood can reach about 100 eggs. She stops feeding during an incubation of roughly three weeks before releasing the young.
Disturbance during a move can cause a brooding female to release or consume her brood. Experienced breeders sometimes remove young artificially at around two weeks, but this is not a necessary routine. Fry can take Artemia nauplii as soon as they are released.
来源
- https://www.seriouslyfish.com/species/trematocranus-placodon(抓取于 2026-10-10)
trematocranus-placodon · 文件: data/species/trematocranus-placodon.md · 状态: 草稿