星大胸斧鱼 · Spotfin Hatchetfish
概要
| 字段 | 值 |
|---|---|
| 类别 | 鱼 |
| 学名 | Thoracocharax stellatus |
| 别名 | 星大胸斧魚、Gastropelecus stellatus |
| 分类 | 脂鲤目 Characiformes › 胸斧脂鲤科 Gasteropelecidae › Thoracocharax |
| 水体 | 淡水 |
| 原产地 | 阿根廷、玻利维亚、巴西、哥伦比亚、厄瓜多尔、巴拉圭、秘鲁、委内瑞拉 |
| 成体体长 | 7 cm |
| 饲养难度 | 入门 |
| 最小水体 | 243 L |
| 最小缸长 | 120 cm |
| 群居方式 | 群游 |
| 性情 | 温和 |
| 外部数据 | seriouslyfish thoracocharax-stellatus;fishbase 11906 |
| 食性 | 肉食 |
| 特征 | 会跳缸: 是 |
水质参数
| 参数 | 耐受范围 | 最适范围 | 单位 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 水温 | 20–28 | — | °C |
| pH | 5–7.5 | — | — |
| 总硬度 | 1–12 | — | dGH |
概述
星大胸斧鱼（Thoracocharax stellatus）体色银亮，背鳍上的显著深色斑是重要辨认线索。它温和却容易受惊，群体、防跳盖和实际摄食机会比单凭“耐养”标签更重要。
分布与栖息地
记录广及委内瑞拉、哥伦比亚、厄瓜多尔、巴西、秘鲁、玻利维亚、巴拉圭和阿根廷，涉及奥里诺科河、亚马孙河及巴拉那河等大型水系。
可利用黑水或清水溪流、支流、回水、牛轭湖和淹没洪泛区，常出现在水面植物丰富处。
饲养环境
水面面积至少约 120 × 45 cm。浮水植物覆盖部分区域，并留出水面活动空间；可提供适量迎流活动区，同时保留安静水域。沙底、沉木和落叶或水草布局均可。
缸盖必须贴合，它能有力跃出。所属属的鱼会离开紧贴水面的位置，在水体上部停留或互动，因此不必将短暂下潜看作异常。
食性与喂食
本种近乎以昆虫为食。一项野外研究中昆虫占食物约 99.6%，其中大多数为陆生昆虫。
干粮可能需要适应，活饵和冷冻饵应占较大比例，如红虫、水蚤及喂饱的果蝇。它既在水面摄食，也会下潜追取缓慢下沉的食物。
习性与混养
至少六尾，以同伴增加安全感。选择温和、使用其他活动区域且需求相容的脂鲤、底栖慈鲷或鲶鱼。它不擅长与强势抢食鱼竞争，需要观察是否实际吃到食物。
雌雄区分
携卵雌鱼比雄鱼明显丰满。
补充说明
可靠的缸内繁殖记录尚缺。背鳍斑可帮助区别相似近缘种，但不同地区存在明显形态和遗传差异，可能包含未厘清的物种复合体。
斧头鱼的离水能力来自强力跳跃，而非在空中持续拍鳍飞行。“铂金斧鱼”等商品标签不能替代物种辨认。
图片
图片来自 SeriouslyFish,版权归各摄影者所有。
English
Overview
The silvery Thoracocharax stellatus has a conspicuous dark dorsal-fin spot useful for identification. Peaceful but easily alarmed, it needs conspecific company, secure containment, and a fair opportunity to feed.
Distribution & habitat
Records span Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Argentina, including the Orinoco, Amazon, and Paraná systems.
Both blackwater and clearwater streams, tributaries, backwaters, oxbows, and flooded plains are used. Surface vegetation is frequently abundant.
Aquarium setup
Provide at least about 120 × 45 cm of surface area. Floating plants should cover part of it while leaving swimming room. Some current can be offered alongside quieter refuges. Sand, wood, and litter or a planted layout are suitable options.
Fit the lid tightly against powerful jumping. Members of its genus also spend time below the immediate surface, interacting or resting in upper water.
Diet & feeding
Insects dominate the natural diet. One field study found approximately 99.6% insects, most of terrestrial origin.
Dry foods may take time to be accepted. Live and frozen foods should remain prominent, including bloodworms, water fleas, and well-fed fruit flies. It takes surface food and also descends to intercept sinking items.
Behaviour & compatibility
Keep at least six for security. Placid compatible tetras, bottom-associated cichlids, and catfishes are possible companions using other areas. Strong feeding competitors are unsuitable; confirm actual food intake.
Sexual dimorphism
Females carrying eggs are noticeably rounder than males.
Notes
Reliable aquarium breeding records are lacking. The dorsal spot helps separate similar relatives, but geographic variation and genetic evidence suggest unresolved diversity within the current name.
Hatchetfish leave the water through powerful leaps rather than sustained aerial fin-beating. A platinum-hatchetfish trade label alone does not establish identity.
来源
- https://www.seriouslyfish.com/species/thoracocharax-stellatus(抓取于 2026-10-10)
thoracocharax-stellatus · 文件: data/species/thoracocharax-stellatus.md · 状态: 草稿