铲吻油鲶 · Duckbill Catfish
概要
| 字段 | 值 |
|---|---|
| 类别 | 鱼 |
| 学名 | Sorubim lima |
| 别名 | 鏟吻油鯰 |
| 分类 | 鲶形目 Siluriformes › 长须鲶科 Pimelodidae › Sorubim |
| 水体 | 淡水 |
| 成体体长 | 50.1 cm |
| 饲养难度 | 中等 |
| 最小水体 | 1125 L |
| 最小缸长 | 200 cm |
| 性情 | 温和 |
| 外部数据 | seriouslyfish sorubim-lima;fishbase 12144 |
| 原产地 | 委内瑞拉、厄瓜多尔、哥伦比亚、秘鲁、巴西、玻利维亚、巴拉圭、乌拉圭、阿根廷 |
| 食性 | 肉食 |
| 特征 | 吃小鱼: 是;夜行性: 是 |
水质参数
| 参数 | 耐受范围 | 最适范围 | 单位 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 水温 | 23.3–30 | — | °C |
| 总硬度 | 1–20 | — | dGH |
概述
铲吻油鲶（Sorubim lima）有扁平伸出的上颌和贯穿身体的暗带，较温和却会吞食所有适口小动物。它偏夜间活动，幼鱼更喜同伴，照顾时应把大空间、柔和照明和可靠过滤结合起来。
分布与栖息地
南美洲分布广，见于亚马孙、奥里诺科、巴拉那、托坎廷斯等水系。主要在浑浊白水河活动，也利用开阔流水、洪泛湖和牛轭湖；幼鱼常在草丛、芦苇和淹没树根附近聚集。
饲养环境
长期底面积至少参考 200 × 75 厘米。弱光、软砂、较大根枝形成躲藏区，植物可按需加入。水体要富氧、少有机污染，成鱼排泄量大，需要巨大可靠的过滤，每周换水 30%–50%。
食性与喂食
天然几乎全吃动物性食物，包括小鱼、甲壳类和其他无脊椎动物。多数可逐渐转非活饵，部分新运到的成鱼起初会拒食，转换快慢因个体而异。幼鱼可用红虫、水蚯蚓、碎蚯蚓和虾，成鱼换成相应较大的贝肉、虾、鱿鱼及鱼类饵料，每周两三餐即可。避免大量陆生动物肉和活饵鱼。
习性与混养
伙伴须大到无法吞下，并尽量避免强领地底层鱼或其他大型同科鲶。幼鱼积极群居，成鱼群居程度下降但通常不互相攻击，足够大的缸可同养。
补充说明
同属鱼常头朝下藏在植物根枝间，这可能是伪装，成年更倾向开阔水域活动。近似种有时会混售，本种头和身体较粗深，不能只根据“鸭嘴”或侧面黑带认种。
图片
图片来自 SeriouslyFish,版权归各摄影者所有。
English
Overview
A projecting flattened upper jaw and dark lateral stripe characterize Sorubim lima. It is relatively peaceful but swallows suitable small prey. Nocturnal habits, social juveniles, and substantial adult waste make space, restrained lighting, and reliable filtration important.
Distribution & habitat
It is widespread in South America, including the Amazon, Orinoco, Paraná, and Tocantins. Turbid whitewater rivers are typical, but open channels, floodplain lakes, and oxbows are also used. Juveniles aggregate around reeds, grasses, and submerged wood.
Aquarium setup
Provide at least a 200 by 75 cm footprint for long-term care. Soft sand, subdued lighting, and substantial roots or branches create shelters, with plants optional. Maintain high oxygen and low organic pollution through large dependable filtration and weekly 30–50% water changes.
Diet & feeding
Natural feeding is almost exclusively carnivorous, involving small fish and invertebrates. Most can transition to nonliving food, though newly transported adults may initially refuse and individuals vary in adjustment speed. Offer small prey to juveniles and larger shellfish, prawns, squid, and fish portions to adults. Two or three adult meals weekly are sufficient. Avoid substantial mammalian or avian meat and feeder fish.
Behaviour & compatibility
Companions must exceed swallowing size. Strongly territorial bottom fish and other large pimelodids are less suitable. Juveniles actively associate; adults are less social but can remain together peacefully in large aquariums.
Notes
Congeners often hold a head-down posture among roots and plants, probably for concealment, while adults tend toward more open-water habits. Similar species can be mislabeled in trade. A robust, deep head and body help identification, but a shovelnose shape or dark stripe alone is insufficient.
来源
- https://www.seriouslyfish.com/species/sorubim-lima(抓取于 2026-10-10)
sorubim-lima · 文件: data/species/sorubim-lima.md · 状态: 草稿