Serrasalmus marginatus
概要
| 字段 | 值 |
|---|---|
| 类别 | 鱼 |
| 学名 | Serrasalmus marginatus |
| 分类 | 脂鲤目 Characiformes › 锯鲑脂鲤科 Serrasalmidae › Serrasalmus |
| 水体 | 淡水 |
| 成体体长 | 22.1 cm |
| 饲养难度 | 中等 |
| 最小水体 | 173 L |
| 最小缸长 | 120 cm |
| 群居方式 | 独居 |
| 外部数据 | seriouslyfish serrasalmus-marginatus;fishbase 55016 |
| 原产地 | 巴西、巴拉圭、乌拉圭、阿根廷 |
| 食性 | 肉食 |
| 特征 | 吃小鱼: 是 |
| 性情 | 攻击性 |
水质参数
| 参数 | 耐受范围 | 最适范围 | 单位 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 水温 | 22–25 | — | °C |
| 总硬度 | 5–15 | — | dGH |
概述
Serrasalmus marginatus 是需要单条专养的水虎鱼，尾鳍前部粗黑色 V 形纹是重要辨识线索。它会啃咬其他鱼的鳍，也捕食较小鱼类，同种之间可能出现致命争斗。
分布与栖息地
记录来自巴西、巴拉圭、乌拉圭与阿根廷的巴拉圭河、巴拉那河水系。栖于河流、水池和小溪，似偏好岸边或水中植被密集的阴影环境，据称会守住一定觅食范围。
饲养环境
单条可用约 120 × 38 × 38 cm 的缸。深色底床、根枝、长至水面的植物及浮水植物构成阴影和藏身处。简洁布置也可，但有些个体会更紧张；水草可能被啃咬。
使用外滤或底滤维持良好水质，回水沿缸长设置，轻轻扰动水面，维持适度水流即可，不必盲目增加强造流。每周部分换水可达约 50%。加热器尽量外置，或安装坚固保护罩以免被咬坏。
食性与喂食
主要啃食其他鱼的鳍，也吃小鱼、昆虫和甲壳动物，胃含物中曾见少量植物。捕猎时会缓慢接近，再突然冲上去咬下臀鳍或尾鳍的一部分。它还曾被观察到替红腹水虎（Pygocentrus nattereri）清除体表寄生虫，但不能因此作为清洁鱼混养。
新鱼可能不马上接受死饵，适应期留意摄食。幼鱼可喂红虫、水蚯蚓、丰年虾及碎虾肉，成鱼用贝肉、虾、鱿鱼、小鱼或蚯蚓，通常每周两至三次即可。避免大量哺乳类和鸟类肉，不必使用可能带病的饲料鱼。
习性与混养
不适合与其他鱼长期同缸，同种也不推荐成对或群养。少量共处案例不能抵消其摄食行为和争斗风险，成鱼可能打到仅剩一条。
繁殖
尚未有可靠的人工繁殖记录。
补充说明
尾鳍前部的粗黑 V 形纹可帮助识别，幼鱼体侧暗斑据称多为圆形或椭圆形，而非条形。幼鱼外观在近似种之间容易混淆，不应仅凭宽泛水虎商品名认定身份。
English
Overview
Serrasalmus marginatus requires individual accommodation. A broad dark V near the front of the tail is an important identification feature. Fin biting, predation on smaller fish, and potentially fatal conspecific disputes rule out routine community maintenance.
Distribution & habitat
Records span the Paraguay and Paraná drainages in Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Argentina. Rivers, creeks, and pools are occupied, apparently with a preference for shaded vegetation-rich areas. Defense of feeding areas has been reported but remains qualified.
Aquarium setup
Approximately 120 × 38 × 38 cm can house one fish. A dark bottom with roots, branches, tall plants, and floating cover creates shade. Sparse layouts are possible, though some individuals become nervous. Plants may be bitten.
External filtration or a sump should maintain excellent water quality. Direct return flow along the tank and create gentle surface movement; moderate circulation is sufficient in a well-arranged system. Weekly partial changes up to roughly 50% are recommended. Heating should be external or protected against equipment biting.
Diet & feeding
Wild feeding centers on other fishes' fins, together with small fish, insects, and crustaceans. Small plant fragments have also been found in stomach samples. Prey is approached slowly before a rapid bite removes fin tissue. Parasite removal from Pygocentrus nattereri has been observed, without making this a safe cleaner-fish companion.
New arrivals may take time to accept dead foods. Juveniles can receive bloodworms, Tubifex, Artemia, and chopped shrimp. Larger fish take shellfish, squid, small fish, and earthworms, generally two or three times weekly. Avoid substantial mammalian or bird meat and unnecessary potentially infected feeder fish.
Behaviour & compatibility
Neither mixed-species housing nor conspecific pairs or groups are recommended. Occasional coexistence reports do not outweigh feeding behavior and the risk of fights continuing until one individual survives.
Breeding
No reliable captive spawning record is available.
Notes
A thick black V in the anterior tail region is a useful clue. Juvenile body spots are reportedly rounded or oval rather than bar-shaped. Similar young piranhas remain easy to confuse, and broad trade names are insufficient identification.
来源
- https://www.seriouslyfish.com/species/serrasalmus-marginatus(抓取于 2026-10-10)
serrasalmus-marginatus · 文件: data/species/serrasalmus-marginatus.md · 状态: 草稿