Serrasalmus manueli · Manny
概要
| 字段 | 值 |
|---|---|
| 类别 | 鱼 |
| 学名 | Serrasalmus manueli |
| 分类 | 脂鲤目 Characiformes › 锯鲑脂鲤科 Serrasalmidae › Serrasalmus |
| 水体 | 淡水 |
| 成体体长 | 43.5 cm |
| 饲养难度 | 困难 |
| 最小水体 | 1181 L |
| 最小缸长 | 210 cm |
| 外部数据 | seriouslyfish serrasalmus-manueli;fishbase 53362 |
| 原产地 | 巴西北部、委内瑞拉的部分亚马孙和奥里诺科河水系 |
| 性情 | 攻击性 |
水质参数
| 参数 | 耐受范围 | 最适范围 | 单位 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 总硬度 | 5–15 | — | dGH |
概述
Serrasalmus manueli 是大型、活跃而运输适应较敏感的水虎鱼，需要经验与足够终身空间。成鱼应单条饲养，同种之间可能持续争斗直至仅剩一条，不适合作为混养展示鱼。
分布与栖息地
原产巴西北部及委内瑞拉的部分亚马孙和奥里诺科河水系，包括内格罗河、辛古河及若干相关支流。栖地从森林水域延伸到委内瑞拉稀树草原，既有黑水，也似有白水或清水记录。
成鱼常从大河主道较深、有水流的区域捕获，但深水记录不等于适合狭小深缸。
饲养环境
一条成鱼至少需要约 210 × 75 × 75 cm 的大缸。砂底与大块沉木、根枝提供遮蔽，弱至中等光线有助于安定；可尝试苦草或爪哇蕨等较耐受水草，但叶片可能被咬。
维持优良水质和高溶氧，外滤或底滤回水沿缸长布置，轻扰水面，并按需增加造流。每周换水可达约 50%。加热尽可能置于主缸之外，否则使用坚固保护罩，避免设备被咬坏。
原有硬度范围应保持，人工饲养的温度参考为 24～27 °C、pH 6.0～7.5；不必照搬某些产地极酸的环境。
食性与喂食
野外可能取食鱼鳍、鱼鳞、小鱼及昆虫，也确有吃坚果、果实和种子的记录。新到鱼可能拒食，适应后多数能逐渐接受死饵，需留意实际摄食与体况。
幼鱼可给红虫、水蚯蚓、丰年虾和碎虾肉，成鱼用贝类、虾、鱿鱼、小鱼及蚯蚓等适口食物，成年后每周两至三次喂食即可。避免大量牛心或鸡肉，也不必用可能携带疾病和寄生虫的饲料鱼。
习性与混养
单条专养。同种成鱼不是天然紧密群居的鱼，封闭缸体中争斗可能造成死亡；与其他种类混养同样不合适。不要把幼鱼暂时共处理解为成鱼阶段仍能维持。
繁殖
尚无人工产卵记录，不能套用其他水虎鱼的繁殖步骤。
补充说明
进口个体运输死亡率较高，且少见长期养至足够大的个体，购买前需有大缸与持续维护条件。幼鱼与近似种（Serrasalmus gouldingi）易混，本种偏绿色光泽、肩斑更明显，鳃盖及下颌有红色，而近似种偏蓝。
English
Overview
The large, active Serrasalmus manueli is a specialist piranha with a poor reputation for surviving transport. Lifelong accommodation must be substantial. Adults should be kept individually because conspecific fighting may continue until only one survives.
Distribution & habitat
It occurs in parts of the Amazon and Orinoco systems of northern Brazil and Venezuela, including the Negro and Xingu and associated tributaries. Habitats range from forest waters to Venezuelan savanna, with blackwater and apparently white or clear-water records.
Adults are commonly captured in deeper flowing main-channel sections. That observation does not make a narrow deep aquarium adequate.
Aquarium setup
Allow at least approximately 210 × 75 × 75 cm for one adult. Sand, large woody roots, and branches supply shelter. Dim to moderate light helps settle nervous fish. Hardy plants can be tried but may be bitten.
Maintain excellent oxygenation and water quality. Return external-filter or sump water along the tank, agitate the surface gently, and add circulation if needed. Weekly changes up to about 50% are recommended. Locate heating outside the display or protect equipment with a robust guard.
A captive temperature of 24–27 °C and pH around 6.0–7.5 are suggested; reproducing extremely acidic collection sites is unnecessary.
Diet & feeding
Fins, scales, smaller fish, and insects are presumed natural prey. Consumption of nuts, fruit, and seeds is also documented. Imported individuals may initially refuse food, although most gradually accept dead items once settled.
Young fish take bloodworms, Tubifex, Artemia, and chopped shrimp. Adults need larger suitable foods such as shellfish, squid, small fish, and earthworms, typically two or three times weekly. Avoid substantial mammalian or bird meat and feeder fish that may transmit parasites or disease.
Behaviour & compatibility
Solitary maintenance is required. Adults are not naturally gregarious and may fatally injure one another in captivity. Other fishes are also unsuitable companions. Temporary tolerance among young fish should not be treated as evidence of adult compatibility.
Breeding
Captive spawning has not been recorded. A method should not be assumed from other piranhas.
Notes
High transport losses and few fully grown captive specimens underline the need for specialist facilities. Young fish resemble Serrasalmus gouldingi, but generally show a greener sheen, a stronger shoulder blotch, and red on the gill cover and lower jaw; the look-alike is more bluish.
来源
- https://www.seriouslyfish.com/species/serrasalmus-manueli(抓取于 2026-10-10)
serrasalmus-manueli · 文件: data/species/serrasalmus-manueli.md · 状态: 草稿