美斑南鳅
概要
| 字段 | 值 |
|---|---|
| 类别 | 鱼 |
| 学名 | Schistura callichroma |
| 别名 | 美斑南鰍、Noemacheilus callichromus、Nemacheilus callichromus |
| 分类 | 鲤形目 Cypriniformes › 条鳅科 Nemacheilidae › Schistura |
| 水体 | 淡水 |
| 原产地 | 中国、越南 |
| 成体体长 | 9 cm |
| 饲养难度 | 中等 |
| 最小水体 | 243 L |
| 最小缸长 | 120 cm |
| 群居方式 | 群游 |
| 外部数据 | seriouslyfish schistura-callichromus;fishbase 60157 |
水质参数
| 参数 | 耐受范围 | 最适范围 | 单位 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 水温 | 10–22 | — | °C |
| pH | 7–9 | — | — |
概述
美斑南鳅（Schistura callichroma）来自云南红河水系的清澈溪流，曾观察到在石缝间捕猎无脊椎动物。野外有小群聚集，但缸内行为经验很有限，饲养和混养建议仍需谨慎看待。
分布与栖息地
明确记录集中在中国云南，模式产地为景东把边江，相关水系经李仙江连接红河流域。越南和老挝部分上游支流的分布仅属预期或可能，尚不能当成已确认记录。
栖地为清澈、富氧的源头溪流和浅急流段，底部多砂砾、石块，部分有森林遮蔽，缺少水生植物。季风可使流速和浑浊度明显变化。勐野江一处观察中，鱼在石块间寻找小型动物。
饲养环境
可尝试模拟流水河床，底部混合砂、细砾、大小圆石和大石块。用有效过滤、造流或增氧设备维持溶氧和适当流动，规律每周部分换水。这个布置方向主要依据原生环境，不能等同于已经成熟的长期饲养流程。
食性与喂食
野外已观察到捕食石间无脊椎动物。同属鳅通常以小型动物性食物为主，也会摄入较少植物和有机碎屑。人工投喂可尝试适口干饲料配水蚤、丰年虾、红虫等小型活饵或冷冻饵料，不宜仅依赖干粮。
习性与混养
缸内习性尚不清楚，宜避开慢游、长鳍或特别温顺的同伴。野外观察到最多约六条聚集，提示大缸群养可能可行，但并不能保证群体在有限空间中完全没有冲突。
雌雄区分
成年雄鱼明显小于雌鱼，背鳍和胸鳍延长。成熟个体似乎还会出现唇和口部增大的表现，这一特征保留为观察线索。
补充说明
旧资料中可见种名拼写“callichromus”，后来调整为“callichroma”。水族繁殖尚无记录。
图片
图片来自 SeriouslyFish,版权归各摄影者所有。
English
Overview
Schistura callichroma is known from clear streams in Yunnan's Red River system. Wild fish have been seen hunting invertebrates between rocks and gathering in small groups. Aquarium behavior remains poorly documented, so husbandry guidance is necessarily tentative.
Distribution & habitat
Confirmed records concern Yunnan, China, with the type locality in the Babianjiang. Related tributaries connect to the Red River system through the Lixianjiang. Occurrence in Vietnam and parts of Laos is expected or possible rather than confirmed.
Clear, oxygen-rich headwaters and shallow riffles have sand, gravel, and stone bottoms, often with forest shade and few aquatic plants. Monsoon weather changes flow and turbidity. At a Mengyejiang locality the fish searched between rocks for animal prey.
Aquarium setup
A flowing-river arrangement with sand, fine gravel, and varied smooth rocks is a reasonable approach. Effective filtration, circulation, or aeration should maintain oxygen availability. Make regular weekly partial water changes. This layout is based largely on habitat rather than an extensive record of successful long-term maintenance.
Diet & feeding
Wild observations confirm feeding on invertebrates among rocks. Related loaches generally consume mostly small animal food with lesser plant material and detritus. Suitable aquarium trials include small live and frozen foods alongside appropriately sized dry products, rather than dry food alone.
Behaviour & compatibility
Captive behavior is uncertain. Slow, long-finned, or exceptionally placid companions are inadvisable. Wild aggregations of up to six suggest that groups may work in large aquariums, but do not establish conflict-free compatibility in restricted space.
Sexual dimorphism
Adult males are noticeably smaller than females and have extended dorsal and pectoral fins. Mature fish also appear to develop enlarged lips and mouthparts, which should remain an observational clue.
Notes
The earlier spelling callichromus was amended to callichroma. Aquarium reproduction is unrecorded.
来源
- https://www.seriouslyfish.com/species/schistura-callichromus(抓取于 2026-10-10)
schistura-callichroma · 文件: data/species/schistura-callichroma.md · 状态: 草稿