Sarotherodon melanotheron melanotheron · Black Chin Tilapia
概要
| 字段 | 值 |
|---|---|
| 类别 | 鱼 |
| 学名 | Sarotherodon melanotheron melanotheron |
| 分类 | 慈鲷目 Cichliformes › 慈鲷科 Cichlidae › Sarotherodon |
| 水体 | 淡水 |
| 成体体长 | 20 cm |
| 饲养难度 | 中等 |
| 最小水体 | 137 L |
| 最小缸长 | 120 cm |
| 特征 | 吃小鱼: 是;翻底砂: 是 |
| 外部数据 | seriouslyfish sarotherodon-melanotheron-melanotheron |
| 原产地 | 西非沿海广布，从毛里塔尼亚、塞内加尔、几内亚一带至几内亚湾及刚果沿岸 |
| 繁殖方式 | 口孵 |
| 领地性 | 是 |
水质参数
| 参数 | 耐受范围 | 最适范围 | 单位 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 水温 | 23–28 | — | °C |
| pH | 7–8 | — | — |
| 总硬度 | 9–19 | — | dGH |
概述
Sarotherodon melanotheron melanotheron 是耐盐性较强的沿海慈鲷，主要在河口、红树林附近生活，也能见于淡水。它特别之处是由雄鱼口孵育幼；其他近似亚型的照料方式未必相同。
分布与栖息地
广布于西非沿海，记录国家从毛里塔尼亚、塞内加尔、冈比亚、几内亚比绍及几内亚，延伸到塞拉利昂、利比里亚、科特迪瓦、加纳、多哥、贝宁、尼日利亚、喀麦隆及刚果沿岸。主要栖地是河口特别是红树林区，也进入淡水潟湖和河流。
饲养环境
底床以砂较好，圆滑石块、沉木和强健植物均可使用，软叶植物可能被吃。可在合适的中性至硬水淡水环境维持，也能适应轻咸淡水。群养要非常宽敞，因为繁殖时会各自守域。
食性与喂食
搭配干饲料、活饵和冷冻饵，并保证有螺旋藻薄片、海苔等植物性食物，保持菜单多样。
习性与混养
平时不算特别凶，可考虑体型相近、健壮的伙伴，但小鱼会被吞食。非繁殖时野外会聚群，缸中也可群养；繁殖期领地意识加强，不能把平时相处平静当成产卵后也安全。
雌雄区分
性别不易分辨，雄鱼头部黑色通常较多，成熟雄鱼鳃盖偏金色，雌鱼鳃盖则较透明。
繁殖
由雌鱼发起较长求偶并先挖坑，接受求偶的雄鱼加入整理。产卵前双方守域加强，雄鱼尤其明显。卵直接落在坑内，雄鱼受精，却通常等雌鱼产完、再间隔一段时间才把整窝收入嘴中。雌鱼随后离开，不继续照料。
约四至六天孵化，雄鱼继续口含发育中的幼鱼，约两至三周后放出，父鱼照料随之结束。若希望保留整窝，可考虑产后将育幼雄鱼安置到独立缸。释放的鱼苗可吃丰年虾无节幼体、筛过的小水蚤或微虫。
图片
图片来自 SeriouslyFish,版权归各摄影者所有。
English
Overview
The coastal cichlid Sarotherodon melanotheron melanotheron tolerates salt and occurs in estuaries as well as freshwater. It is a paternal mouthbrooder: males carry the developing brood, unlike some related forms with different care patterns.
Distribution & habitat
Its coastal West African range spans countries from Mauritania, Senegal, and Guinea through the Gulf of Guinea to Cameroon and the Congo region. Estuaries, particularly mangroves, are important habitat, alongside freshwater lagoons and rivers.
Aquarium setup
Sand is preferable, with smooth stones, wood, and robust plants as optional décor. Soft-leaved plants may be eaten. Suitable neutral-to-hard freshwater or mildly brackish conditions can work. Groups need substantial room because breeding fish defend territories.
Diet & feeding
Vary dry, live, and frozen foods, including vegetable sources such as spirulina flakes or nori.
Behaviour & compatibility
Outside spawning it is not especially aggressive and can be kept with similarly robust companions. Small fish will be eaten. It groups naturally outside breeding, but aquarium groups need enough room for the stronger territorial behavior that develops around spawning.
Sexual dimorphism
Sexing is difficult. Males tend to carry more dark pigment around the head and develop a golden operculum, compared with the more translucent female gill cover.
Breeding
Females initiate extended courtship by excavating a pit, with a receptive male joining the work. Both become territorial before spawning. Eggs are laid in the pit and fertilized, but the male waits until laying is complete, sometimes longer, before collecting the entire brood. The female then leaves without further care.
Hatching takes about four to six days. The father continues holding larvae and releases young after roughly two to three weeks, when his care ends. A separate aquarium for the brooding male may help preserve the brood. Released fry accept Artemia nauplii, sifted Daphnia, or microworms.
来源
ID:sarotherodon-melanotheron-melanotheron · 文件: data/species/sarotherodon-melanotheron-melanotheron.md · 状态: 草稿