岬圆鳞攀鲈 · Cape kurper
概要
| 字段 | 值 |
|---|---|
| 类别 | 鱼 |
| 学名 | Sandelia capensis |
| 别名 | 岬圓鱗攀鱸 |
| 分类 | 攀鲈目 Anabantiformes › 攀鲈科 Anabantidae › Sandelia |
| 水体 | 淡水 |
| 成体体长 | 21.5 cm |
| 饲养难度 | 中等 |
| 最小水体 | 243 L |
| 最小缸长 | 120 cm |
| 外部数据 | seriouslyfish sandelia-capensis;fishbase 10054 |
| 原产地 | 南非开普地区 |
| 食性 | 肉食 |
| 特征 | 吃小鱼: 是 |
| 繁殖方式 | 附着产卵 |
水质参数
| 参数 | 耐受范围 | 最适范围 | 单位 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 水温 | 18–22 | — | °C |
| pH | 6.5–7.2 | — | — |
| 总硬度 | 5–15 | — | dGH |
概述
岬圆鳞攀鲈（Sandelia capensis）来自南非开普地区，捕食小鱼和水生动物。它需要遮蔽充足的较凉爽环境，以同种专缸维护较合适，保育和种群来源也值得重视。
分布与栖息地
仅原产南非开普地区，在多条河流中下游有分布。栖地从有岩石的流水溪流到缓慢、植被密集的水域不等，似乎偏好较安静的岸边，利用岩石、淹水根枝和水草藏身。
饲养环境
缸长至少约 120 cm、容积约 243 L，布置应有丰富遮蔽。可用密植水草、弯曲根枝与浮水植物，也可采用沙底加圆滑石块，分别模拟不同自然栖地。
食性与喂食
野外摄食小鱼、水生无脊椎动物，甚至蟹。缸内似乎容易转食非活体饵，可轮换红虫、虾、贻贝和蚯蚓等。
习性与混养
建议同种专缸，减少其他鱼带来的病原、攻击或意外死亡。繁殖期间同种互动也需要密切观察，雄鱼对产卵地点及后代有明显防卫。
雌雄区分
雄鱼颜色较鲜艳。繁殖时可出现深色竖纹、黑色鳍及颜色加深的口部下方。
繁殖
南非奥尔巴尼博物馆曾成功繁殖。雄鱼选择底床产卵点并驱赶其他雄鱼，通过吹泡向雌鱼展示；后期追逐和咬击较激烈。
产卵姿势的记载有分歧。较详细的观察认为双方并不进行典型攀鲈类缠抱，而是雌鱼先在产卵点排出黏性卵，卵落在底床上附着，雄鱼在后方等候，待雌鱼产完后移到卵上方释放精液。
随后雄鱼驱走雌鱼，独自守护和照料后代。吹泡是求偶展示，并不意味着它用泡巢育卵。
补充说明
外来捕食者、水坝、污染和气候变化使部分栖地退化、数量下降。遗传研究发现至少两支、可能更多分化较深的谱系，暗示现用学名下可能包含不止一个物种，但不能据此自行替换具体个体的学名。
本属迷鳃较不发达，不能因为属于迷鳃鱼就忽略水质和正常养护。
English
Overview
Native to South Africa's Cape region, Sandelia capensis preys on small fishes and aquatic animals. A cool, well-sheltered dedicated aquarium is appropriate, with attention to provenance and conservation significance.
Distribution & habitat
It is endemic to the Cape region and occupies the middle and lower sections of numerous rivers. Habitats range from rocky flowing streams to slower vegetated waters. Quieter margins appear preferred, with rocks, submerged roots, branches, and plants providing refuge.
Aquarium setup
Allow at least about 120 cm of tank length and 243 L. Furnish generously. Dense plants, twisted roots, branches, and floating shade work well; sand and rounded stones can instead represent its rocky habitats.
Diet & feeding
Natural prey includes smaller fishes, aquatic invertebrates, and crabs. It apparently adapts readily to nonliving foods in captivity. Offer variety through bloodworms, shrimp, mussels, and earthworms.
Behaviour & compatibility
Dedicated housing reduces exposure to diseases, attacks, and other losses associated with companions. Conspecific encounters still need observation during breeding, when males defend spawning sites and offspring.
Sexual dimorphism
Males are more colorful. Breeding coloration includes dark vertical bands, black fins, and darkened lower mouthparts.
Breeding
Captive reproduction has occurred at the Albany Museum in South Africa. The male selects a substrate site, excludes rival males, and displays bubbles to females. Later courtship includes vigorous pursuit and biting.
Accounts differ over the spawning act. The most detailed description reports no typical anabantoid embrace: the female deposits adhesive eggs at the site while the male waits behind her. Once laying is complete, he passes over the attached eggs and releases sperm.
He then drives the female away and takes sole care of the brood. Bubble displays are courtship behavior, not evidence of bubble-nest breeding.
Notes
Introduced predators, dams, pollution, and climate change have contributed to habitat deterioration and declining numbers. Genetic work has identified at least two, possibly several deeply separated lineages, suggesting that the current name may cover more than one species. This does not justify assigning a different name to an individual without identification evidence.
The genus has a comparatively less-developed labyrinth organ; ordinary water-quality care remains essential.
来源
- https://www.seriouslyfish.com/species/sandelia-capensis(抓取于 2026-10-10)
sandelia-capensis · 文件: data/species/sandelia-capensis.md · 状态: 草稿