圆鳞攀鲈 · Eastern Cape Rocky
概要
| 字段 | 值 |
|---|---|
| 类别 | 鱼 |
| 学名 | Sandelia bainsii |
| 别名 | 圓鱗攀鱸 |
| 分类 | 攀鲈目 Anabantiformes › 攀鲈科 Anabantidae › Sandelia |
| 水体 | 淡水 |
| 成体体长 | 32.5 cm |
| 饲养难度 | 困难 |
| 最小水体 | 648 L |
| 最小缸长 | 180 cm |
| 水流偏好 | 高 |
| 外部数据 | seriouslyfish sandelia-bainsii;fishbase 10053 |
| 原产地 | 南非东南部开普地区 |
| 食性 | 肉食 |
| 特征 | 吃小鱼: 是 |
| 繁殖方式 | 附着产卵 |
水质参数
| 参数 | 耐受范围 | 最适范围 | 单位 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 水温 | 18–22 | — | °C |
| pH | 6.8–8 | — | — |
| 总硬度 | 10–30 | — | dGH |
概述
圆鳞攀鲈（Sandelia bainsii）仅见于南非少数河流，保育意义很高，普通观赏鱼贸易中极少出现。它是在流水中伏击小动物的捕食鱼，需要较凉爽、高溶氧且有岩石遮蔽的专门环境。
分布与栖息地
仅原产南非东南部开普地区的少数水系，分布常限于河流的短小区段。常在溪流中较安静的岸边、岩石底部、大石下或悬垂遮蔽物下活动，面向水流等待猎物。
饲养环境
群体需要约 180 × 60 × 60 cm、648 L 的空间。以沙底和大小不同的圆滑石块模拟原生溪流，既提供藏身处，也保留水流经过的开放区域。
需要较好的水流和高溶氧，可用外滤或动力过滤，将出水从缸的一端朝另一端送出。栖居安静岸边并不代表整缸可以缺乏水流与换水更新。
食性与喂食
野外吃小鱼、水生无脊椎动物，甚至蟹。缸内似乎容易适应非活体食物，可轮换红虫、虾、贻贝和蚯蚓等动物性饵料。
习性与混养
以专缸维持本种为宜，减少混养带来的疾病传播、攻击及意外损失风险。繁殖雄鱼会强烈驱赶同种，不能把专缸理解为可以忽略个体冲突。
雌雄区分
雄鱼颜色更鲜艳。繁殖时体色加深，背鳍、臀鳍及尾鳍上的白色区域更加显眼。
繁殖
南非奥尔巴尼博物馆曾成功人工繁殖。雄鱼选择底床产卵位并驱赶其他雄鱼，对经过的雌鱼展示吹泡行为；这不是筑泡巢。
求偶后期可有激烈追逐和咬击，甚至有含住雌鱼头部的说法。产卵时雌雄缠抱，但雌鱼保持直立，一次过程通常有数次缠抱。黏性卵落在底床并附着，产后雄鱼赶走雌鱼，独自守护后代。
补充说明
历史上本种因栖地受损、外来捕食者、水坝、污染和气候变化等受到关注。1991 年在科维河的 Blaauwkrantz 自然保护区启动了保育项目，包含教育、人工繁殖、幼鱼放流和早期生活史研究，并曾在其他地点放流繁殖个体。
圆鳞攀鲈属的迷鳃发育程度较低，与亲缘类群相比更不应忽略水中溶氧。
English
Overview
Restricted to a few South African rivers, Sandelia bainsii is primarily a conservation concern and seldom appears in ordinary aquarium trade. It waits in flowing water for animal prey and needs a cool, oxygen-rich, rocky specialist setup.
Distribution & habitat
It is endemic to a handful of southeastern Cape river systems, often occupying short stretches. Quiet rocky margins, spaces beneath large stones, and overhangs provide stations from which it faces the current and intercepts prey.
Aquarium setup
A group requires approximately 180 × 60 × 60 cm and 648 L. Sand and varied rounded stones recreate a stream environment, providing shelter while leaving passages for water movement.
Strong oxygenation and useful directional flow are important. A canister or powered filter can send water from one end of the aquarium toward the other. Use of quieter marginal refuges should not be mistaken for tolerance of stagnant aquarium conditions.
Diet & feeding
Wild prey includes smaller fishes, aquatic invertebrates, and even crabs. Captive fish apparently adapt readily to nonliving food. Rotate animal foods such as bloodworms, shrimp, mussels, and earthworms.
Behaviour & compatibility
Dedicated housing reduces losses through disease transfer, aggression, and other community risks. Breeding males defend sites vigorously, so a species-only aquarium still requires attention to conspecific interactions.
Sexual dimorphism
Males are more colorful. In breeding condition, darker body coloration makes white areas of the unpaired fins more conspicuous.
Breeding
Captive reproduction has been achieved at South Africa's Albany Museum. A male selects and defends a substrate site, displaying bubbles to passing females; this is not bubble-nest construction.
Late courtship includes forceful pursuit and biting, with reports that a male may even hold the female's head. Several embraces may occur, with the female remaining upright. Adhesive eggs fall and attach to the substrate. The male then drives her away and guards the brood alone.
Notes
Habitat loss, introduced predators, dams, pollution, and climate change have contributed to historical conservation concern. A project begun in 1991 at Blaauwkrantz Nature Reserve on the Kowie included education, captive breeding, juvenile releases, and early-life research, with fish released at additional sites.
The relatively weakly developed labyrinth organ in this genus reinforces the importance of water oxygenation.
来源
- https://www.seriouslyfish.com/species/sandelia-bainsii(抓取于 2026-10-10)
sandelia-bainsii · 文件: data/species/sandelia-bainsii.md · 状态: 草稿