黄金河虎 · Dorado
概要
| 字段 | 值 |
|---|---|
| 类别 | 鱼 |
| 学名 | Salminus brasiliensis |
| 别名 | 乌拉圭小脂鲤、大顎小脂鯉、烏拉圭小脂鯉、大颚小脂鲤 |
| 分类 | 脂鲤目 Characiformes › 脂鲤科 Characidae › Salminus |
| 水体 | 淡水 |
| 成体体长 | 100 cm |
| 饲养难度 | 中等 |
| 外部数据 | seriouslyfish salminus-brasiliensis;fishbase 56329 |
| 原产地 | 巴西、玻利维亚、巴拉圭、乌拉圭、阿根廷 |
| 食性 | 肉食 |
| 特征 | 吃小鱼: 是 |
水质参数
| 参数 | 耐受范围 | 最适范围 | 单位 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 水温 | 22–28 | — | °C |
| pH | 6–7.5 | — | — |
| 总硬度 | 2–15 | — | dGH |
概述
黄金河虎（Salminus brasiliensis）是一种可长至约 100 cm 的大型食鱼性脂鲤，游速快、活动量极大。商店里的幼鱼不能代表长期饲养所需空间；绝大多数家庭都无法为成鱼提供终生合适的环境。
分布与栖息地
分布于巴西、玻利维亚、巴拉圭、乌拉圭和阿根廷，主要生活在河流，也见于湖泊与池塘。
饲养环境
成鱼需要大型专用水池或设施，最低空间估计已达长约 6.1 m、宽和高各约 1.2 m、超过 9000 L 的规模。即使达到这一量级，也需结合其高速游动和活动需求设计。装饰并非重点，处理大量排泄物的强大过滤系统，以及充分水流才是关键。普通家庭水族箱不适合作为它的长期住所。
食性与喂食
野外高度依赖鱼类为食。人工环境中的幼鱼有接受虾肉、小型整鱼的记录；成鱼需要大量鱼类食物，例如整条鳟鱼，长期饲料成本和储备需求都很高。
习性与混养
能吞入口中的鱼都有被捕食的风险，因此能够长期相处的对象极少。幼鱼曾与大型慈鲷、龙鱼等共同饲养，但幼年共处并不等于适合成年后的长期混养。
繁殖
家庭水族箱不具备其繁殖所需条件，不应把家庭繁殖作为购买和饲养计划的一部分。
补充说明
英文常用名 Dorado 与葡萄牙语 dourado 相关，指其金色体色。它在部分原产地也是受重视的游钓鱼。选择饲养对象时，应先评估成鱼的终生空间需求，而非仅考虑幼鱼当前能否放进缸内。
English
Overview
Salminus brasiliensis, the dorado, is a large fish-eating characid that can reach about 100 cm. It is exceptionally active and fast. A small specimen in a shop gives little indication of the lifetime space required; suitable adult housing is beyond almost every home aquarist.
Distribution & habitat
The range includes Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Argentina. Rivers are its principal habitat, although it also occurs in lakes and ponds.
Aquarium setup
An adult requires a purpose-built, extremely large aquarium or pond. Even a minimum estimate is on the order of 6.1 m long by 1.2 m wide and 1.2 m high, containing more than 9,000 liters. Design must still account for rapid swimming and continuous activity at that scale.
Decoration is secondary to enormous filtration capacity for the waste load and substantial circulation. An ordinary home aquarium cannot serve as a suitable permanent enclosure.
Diet & feeding
Wild fish are strongly piscivorous. Captive juveniles have accepted prawns and small whole fishes. An adult requires large quantities of fish food, potentially whole trout, making long-term feeding costly and demanding.
Behaviour & compatibility
Any fish small enough to enter its mouth is at risk, leaving very few realistic long-term companions. Juveniles have been housed with large cichlids, arowanas, and other large fishes, but temporary juvenile coexistence does not establish suitability at adult size.
Breeding
Home aquaria cannot provide the conditions needed for breeding. Domestic breeding should not form part of a purchase or care plan for this fish.
Notes
The name dorado is related to the Portuguese dourado and refers to its golden color. It is also valued as a sport fish in parts of its native range. A decision to keep one must be based on lifelong adult requirements, not on whether a juvenile currently fits an available aquarium.
来源
- https://www.seriouslyfish.com/species/salminus-brasiliensis(抓取于 2026-10-10)
salminus-brasiliensis · 文件: data/species/salminus-brasiliensis.md · 状态: 草稿