孔原黑丽鱼 · Fenestratus
概要
| 字段 | 值 |
|---|---|
| 类别 | 鱼 |
| 学名 | Protomelas fenestratus |
| 别名 | 红面朴丽鱼、孔原黑麗魚、紅面樸麗魚 |
| 分类 | 慈鲷目 Cichliformes › 慈鲷科 Cichlidae › Protomelas |
| 水体 | 淡水 |
| 成体体长 | 14 cm |
| 饲养难度 | 中等 |
| 最小水体 | 205 L |
| 最小缸长 | 120 cm |
| 领地性 | 是 |
| 外部数据 | seriouslyfish protomelas-fenestratus;fishbase 2122 |
| 原产地 | 马拉维湖 |
| 性情 | 温和 |
| 繁殖方式 | 口孵 |
| 特征 | 翻底砂: 是 |
水质参数
| 参数 | 耐受范围 | 最适范围 | 单位 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 水温 | 24–28 | — | °C |
| pH | 7.6–8.8 | — | — |
| 总硬度 | 10–25 | — | dGH |
概述
孔原黑丽鱼（Protomelas fenestratus）会向岩面吹开沉积物，再吃暴露出来的小食物。平时较温和，但繁殖雄鱼能强烈守域，安排混养时应兼顾这两种状态。
分布与栖息地
马拉维湖特有，分布于湖北部与西南部，栖于岩质湖岸及外侧的过渡沙地。
饲养环境
可从约 120 × 45 × 38 厘米开始。沙底配形成洞穴的石堆，石堆之间留出活动区，繁殖需保留平石和开阔沙地。
食性与喂食
多数饵料能够接受，活饵和冷冻食物宜占主要部分，再辅以合适干粮。
习性与混养
不适合强势岩栖慈鲷群，可考虑较温和的同湖鱼。普通缸宜一雄配多雌，多雄需要非常大的空间；繁殖雄鱼会驱逐闯入领地的其他鱼。
雌雄区分
雄鱼通常较大、颜色鲜明，背鳍、臀鳍和腹鳍延长。
繁殖
雌鱼口孵。可从六至八尾幼鱼开始培养，繁殖专缸参考酸碱度 8～8.5、水温 25～26.5 °C。雄鱼在平石或挖出的浅坑上求偶，雌鱼产卵待受精后收入口中，约三周不进食地孵育。含卵雌鱼受惊可能吐卵或吞卵，转缸须谨慎。鱼苗平游后可吃初孵丰年虾或微虫。
补充说明
与 P. taeniolatus 以及常称“台湾礁”的 Protomelas 未定种外观接近，相关地域型可能被误售为同一类。为防杂交，不应把这些相似种或型混合繁殖。
图片
图片来自 SeriouslyFish,版权归各摄影者所有。
English
Overview
By blowing sediment from rocks, Protomelas fenestratus exposes food concealed on the surface. Its generally gentle disposition changes during reproduction, when males defend a spawning territory and pursue females persistently.
Distribution & habitat
It occurs in northern and southwestern Lake Malawi, using rocky shores and adjacent intermediate sandy zones.
Aquarium setup
A tank around 120 by 45 by 38 cm is suggested. Arrange cave-forming rocks over sand with open gaps between them. Preserve flat surfaces and sand patches for breeding.
Diet & feeding
Use live and frozen foods as the main diet, with prepared foods providing additional variety.
Behaviour & compatibility
Calmer Malawian companions are preferable to a boisterous mbuna community. Several females per male can spread courtship pressure, but additional males need a very large aquarium. A spawning male may exclude every other fish from his territory.
Sexual dimorphism
Males are larger and more colorful, with extended dorsal, anal, and pelvic fins.
Breeding
A dedicated breeding group can be raised from six to eight juveniles. At around pH 8–8.5 and 25–26.5 °C, the male courts over a flat rock or excavated pit. The female gathers the eggs after fertilization and incubates them for about three weeks without feeding. Disturbance may cause her to discard or consume the brood. Free-swimming young can take newly hatched brine shrimp or microworms.
Notes
It resembles P. taeniolatus and the fish traded as Protomelas sp. “steveni taiwan reef.” Trade labels may blur their boundaries, and some forms may warrant different taxonomic treatment. Keep breeding lines separate to avoid hybridization.
来源
- https://www.seriouslyfish.com/species/protomelas-fenestratus(抓取于 2026-10-10)
protomelas-fenestratus · 文件: data/species/protomelas-fenestratus.md · 状态: 草稿