斑油鲶 · Spotted Pim
概要
| 字段 | 值 |
|---|---|
| 类别 | 鱼 |
| 学名 | Pimelodus maculatus |
| 别名 | 斑油鯰 |
| 分类 | 鲶形目 Siluriformes › 长须鲶科 Pimelodidae › Pimelodus |
| 水体 | 淡水 |
| 成体体长 | 18 cm |
| 饲养难度 | 中等 |
| 最小水体 | 432 L |
| 最小缸长 | 120 cm |
| 群居方式 | 群游 |
| 特征 | 吃小鱼: 是;无鳞/细鳞: 是 |
| 外部数据 | seriouslyfish pimelodus-maculatus;fishbase 23451 |
| 原产地 | 巴西、阿根廷 |
| 食性 | 肉食 |
| 性情 | 温和 |
水质参数
| 参数 | 耐受范围 | 最适范围 | 单位 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 水温 | 20–24 | — | °C |
| pH | 6.4–7.4 | — | — |
| 总硬度 | 5–20 | — | dGH |
概述
斑油鲶（Pimelodus maculatus）活跃、喜结群，弱光下适应后白天也会巡游。它总体不强烈攻击伙伴，但会吞食小鱼，适合宽敞缸中体形足够、活动能力相称的鱼，不能只按“温和鲶鱼”挑伙伴。
分布与栖息地
来自巴西和阿根廷的巴拉那河及圣弗朗西斯科河水系，多见于砂底或泥底的浅流水，包括主河道和支流，也利用洪水退去后留下的水潭和小湖。
饲养环境
空间至少参考 120 × 60 × 60 厘米，留足游动区并设少量躲藏处。细砂、根枝和圆石可模拟河流环境，耐阴植物固定在硬景上以少占底部。弱光更易观察到活动，强而高效的过滤配合水流、每周部分换水；水质长期变差甚至可能导致须损伤或脱落。
食性与喂食
天然主要捕食水生无脊椎动物，人工容易接受红虫、水蚯蚓、小蚯蚓和下沉饲料。新鱼尚未适应时可夜间投喂，成鱼每隔几天喂即可；它会吃到腹部异常膨大，不应以仍抢食作为继续加餐的依据。群体闻到食物后会非常兴奋。
习性与混养
同伴过小会被吞食，慢游鱼也可能受长须和夜间、喂食时的冲动活动打扰。强健活跃的中大型鱼较适合。群养比单养更大胆，单尾常白天躲藏、熄灯后才出来。
雌雄区分
成年雌鱼可能较粗壮，但外形判断仍不可靠。
繁殖
野外雨季会向上游长距离迁移后繁殖，缸内很难重现沿途水质和环境变化，不宜把常规换水视为成熟的诱产流程。
补充说明
新到个体可能有营养不良或缺氧问题，挑选时看体况。无鳞皮肤对某些药物较敏感，用药须核对适用性。胸鳍和背鳍硬刺易缠网，也可能刺伤手并引起疼痛、肿胀；转移可用合适容器，避免徒手抓取。
图片
图片来自 SeriouslyFish,版权归各摄影者所有。
用药风险
按有效成分禁忌与本物种特征自动判断;物种特征未知时不会命中,不代表安全。
English
Overview
An active shoaling catfish, Pimelodus maculatus often cruises during daylight once settled under subdued lighting. Limited social aggression does not prevent predation on small fish. Companions need both adequate size and the ability to coexist with its energetic activity.
Distribution & habitat
It is native to the Paraná and São Francisco systems in Brazil and Argentina. Shallow flowing channels over sand or mud are typical, but receding floods also leave pools and small lakes it can occupy.
Aquarium setup
Use at least the suggested 120 by 60 by 60 cm with extensive swimming space and a few retreats. Fine sand, wood, and rounded stones create a riverine setting. Shade-tolerant plants attached to decor preserve floor area. Strong filtration, circulation, and weekly partial changes are important; deteriorating water can damage the barbels.
Diet & feeding
Aquatic invertebrates dominate natural feeding. Live or frozen small prey and sinking foods are readily taken in captivity. Initially feeding after dark may help new fish. Adults need meals only every few days, as they can gorge to extreme abdominal distension. A group may become very excited once it detects food.
Behaviour & compatibility
Avoid swallowable or slow-moving companions. Long barbels and energetic night or feeding activity can disturb slower fish. Robust active species are better candidates. Groups are more confident, whereas solitary fish often remain hidden until darkness.
Sexual dimorphism
Adult females may be stockier, but external sexing remains uncertain.
Breeding
Reproduction follows long upstream movements during the wet season. The associated environmental and water-chemistry changes are difficult to reproduce, so ordinary maintenance should not be mistaken for an established spawning method.
Notes
New imports may be weakened by poor nutrition or oxygen deprivation. The scaleless skin also warrants care when choosing medications. Rigid fin spines can catch in netting and cause painful punctures; a suitable container is preferable to handling the fish directly.
来源
- https://www.seriouslyfish.com/species/pimelodus-maculatus(抓取于 2026-10-10)
pimelodus-maculatus · 文件: data/species/pimelodus-maculatus.md · 状态: 草稿