爪哇青鮰 · Javanese Ricefish
概要
| 字段 | 值 |
|---|---|
| 类别 | 鱼 |
| 学名 | Oryzias javanicus |
| 别名 | Aplocheilus javanicus |
| 分类 | 颌针鱼目 Beloniformes › 怪颌鳉科 Adrianichthyidae › Oryzias |
| 水体 | 淡水 |
| 原产地 | 印度尼西亚、马来西亚、新加坡、泰国 |
| 成体体长 | 3.5 cm |
| 饲养难度 | 入门 |
| 最小水体 | 41 L |
| 最小缸长 | 45 cm |
| 群居方式 | 群游 |
| 性情 | 温和 |
| 外部数据 | seriouslyfish oryzias-javanicus;fishbase 12254 |
| 食性 | 肉食 |
| 领地性 | 是 |
| 繁殖方式 | 产卵 |
水质参数
| 参数 | 耐受范围 | 最适范围 | 单位 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 水温 | 24–29 | — | °C |
| pH | 7–9 | — | — |
| 总硬度 | 5–25 | — | dGH |
概述
爪哇青鮰（Oryzias javanicus）是常见于沿岸汽水的小型稻田鱼，也有淡水群体。它可耐较宽盐度，但不同来源的最佳环境未必一致，先了解产地比一律加盐更有意义。
分布与栖息地
从泰国半岛、马来西亚、新加坡至印度尼西亚多个岛屿，向东可达龙目岛和苏拉威西。典型栖地为沿岸溪流、水潭及红树林，多属汽水，也利用淡水环境。
饲养环境
小群底面积至少参考 45 × 30 厘米。砂底、根枝、落叶或适当植物能改善显色，过分空旷时颜色可能较淡。尽量确认来源；部分群体更适合淡水，来源不明时可参考每升 1–3 克海盐的低盐方案。多数常见水草不耐汽水，选植物须与盐度匹配，避免长期酸水。
食性与喂食
天然捕食小昆虫、蠕虫、甲壳类和其他浮游动物。适口薄片、颗粒可配每天的小型活冷冻饵，如水蚤、丰年虾和碎红虫。
习性与混养
八尾以上更自然、更大胆。混养只选细小温和、能共用相同盐度的鱼和适宜螺类，繁殖建议单种养，避免与其他青鳉杂交。求偶雄鱼可能互相争执。
雌雄区分
雄鱼较纤细，尾鳍两叶带黄色近缘带，背鳍和臀鳍有丝状延长，臀鳍外缘凸；雌鱼臀鳍略凹。雄性生殖突短管状，雌性双叶状。
繁殖
状态好时可每隔几天甚至每天产卵，常在清晨，雄鱼色加深并守临时领地。黏卵成团受精后暂挂雌鱼腹部，再附到细叶植物、莫丝或人工产卵拖把上。
孵化通常约一至三周，受温度影响。成鱼多半忽略卵却会吃鱼苗，密植可保留一部分，也可把卵苗转入装亲鱼缸水的独立容器。开口可用微虫、丰年虾无节幼体。
图片
图片来自 SeriouslyFish,版权归各摄影者所有。
English
Overview
A coastal ricefish, Oryzias javanicus commonly occupies brackish habitats but also has freshwater records. Broad salinity tolerance does not mean every population has identical requirements, making collection origin useful when choosing conditions.
Distribution & habitat
Its range runs from Peninsular Thailand, Malaysia, and Singapore across Indonesian islands as far east as Lombok and Sulawesi. Coastal streams, pools, and mangroves are typical, usually brackish but sometimes fresh.
Aquarium setup
Use at least a 45 by 30 cm footprint. Sand, weathered wood, leaves, or suitable planting create a more effective display than a bare setting. Establish origin where possible; some populations do better in freshwater. When origin is unknown, the suggested low-salinity option is 1–3 g/L marine salt. Plant selection must account for salt tolerance, and prolonged acidic conditions are unsuitable.
Diet & feeding
It naturally takes tiny insects, worms, crustaceans, and zooplankton. Combine appropriately sized dry foods with daily small live or frozen prey.
Behaviour & compatibility
Eight or more give a confident display. Restrict companions to small peaceful species and suitable snails sharing the salinity. A species-only breeding aquarium avoids hybridization with other ricefish. Courting males may dispute space.
Sexual dimorphism
Males are slimmer, with yellow bands near the tail margins and extended dorsal and anal rays. Their anal edge is convex, compared with the slightly concave female edge. The genital papilla is tubular in males and bilobed in females.
Breeding
Well-conditioned females may spawn every few days or daily, usually in the morning. Males intensify color and briefly defend territories. Fertilized adhesive eggs remain attached to the female for a time before she deposits them on fine vegetation or spawning mops.
Incubation commonly takes one to three weeks. Adults generally overlook eggs but eat swimming fry. Plant cover may preserve some young, or transfer eggs and fry into parental water in a separate container. Microworms and Artemia nauplii suit early feeding.
来源
- https://www.seriouslyfish.com/species/oryzias-javanicus(抓取于 2026-10-10)
oryzias-javanicus · 文件: data/species/oryzias-javanicus.md · 状态: 草稿