Oreochromis grahami · Graham's Soda Cichlid
概要
| 字段 | 值 |
|---|---|
| 类别 | 鱼 |
| 学名 | Oreochromis grahami |
| 别名 | Magadi Tilapia、Tilapia grahami、Alcolapia grahami |
| 分类 | 慈鲷目 Cichliformes › 慈鲷科 Cichlidae › Oreochromis |
| 水体 | 淡水 |
| 原产地 | 肯尼亚 |
| 成体体长 | 12 cm |
| 饲养难度 | 中等 |
| 最小水体 | 81 L |
| 最小缸长 | 90 cm |
| 性情 | 温和 |
| 外部数据 | seriouslyfish oreochromis-grahami;fishbase 2033 |
| 食性 | 草食 |
| 领地性 | 是 |
| 繁殖方式 | 口孵 |
| 特征 | 翻底砂: 是 |
水质参数
| 参数 | 耐受范围 | 最适范围 | 单位 |
|---|---|---|---|
| pH | 8–10 | — | — |
| 总硬度 | 10–35 | — | dGH |
概述
Oreochromis grahami 是肯尼亚马加迪湖的特殊慈鲷，也常以 Alcolapia grahami 出现在记录中。它适应高温、强碱及高矿化度的苏打湖环境，不能当作普通中性水慈鲷购买后直接入缸。
分布与栖息地
原生于东非肯尼亚的马加迪湖，主要活动于岸边碱性温泉入水口和潟湖。当地水浅、富含碳酸钠及其他溶解盐，条件远比普通淡水环境极端。
饲养环境
至少约 90 × 30 cm 的底面积，环境可较简洁。砂底适合它挖掘，岩堆形成洞穴和隐蔽处即可；水草并非其天然环境的典型组成。
取得鱼前需确认原饲养水质，以及是否已经缓慢适应较温和的条件。转换必须循序进行，不能突然改变水化学。pH 不应低于 8.0，水温至少保持 28 °C。特殊水质需求使单种饲养更合适。
食性与喂食
野外几乎专门利用藻类，尤其一种蓝藻。缸内接受干粮，也可提供活饵和冻饵，但必须保证植物成分，例如螺旋藻配方或烫软菠菜；不能因愿意吃动物饵就忽略其天然食物基础。
习性与混养
总体看来较平和，但同种之间有领域性。可在足够空间中维持数条，并用洞穴分隔；不宜为了凑热闹加入无法适应这种高温强碱环境的普通鱼。
雌雄区分
雄鱼通常更大、颜色更鲜艳。
繁殖
雌性口孵，可用两性群体尝试繁殖，温度 28–32 °C，pH 至少 8.0 且以较高值为宜。雄鱼挖出小坑并防守，觅食时会暂时离开。雌鱼在坑内产卵、让雄鱼受精，再含入口中。
每窝卵数不多，雌鱼野外会在不同雄鱼的产卵坑之间移动，因此可能短时间与多个雄鱼繁殖；这是可能的解释，不能当作固定配偶制度。雌鱼约含养两周后放出幼鱼，此后停止育幼。仔鱼可立即吃丰年虾无节幼体或微虫。
补充说明
它主要以尿素而非多数鱼常见的氨作为排泄废物，大部分经鳃排出。它也会到水面吞气，可能帮助应对高盐、拥挤小水体中的低氧；这种行为在水族箱内较少见。特殊生理适应不等于可以忽略供氧与维护。
English
Overview
Oreochromis grahami, also recorded as Alcolapia grahami, is a specialized cichlid from Kenya's Lake Magadi. Adaptation to hot, strongly alkaline, mineral-rich soda water means it should not be transferred directly into an ordinary neutral-water cichlid aquarium.
Distribution & habitat
It is endemic to Lake Magadi in East Africa, occupying shoreline lagoons and areas around alkaline hot-spring inlets. Shallow water contains abundant sodium carbonate and other dissolved salts, producing conditions far beyond those of a typical freshwater habitat.
Aquarium setup
Allow a footprint around 90 × 30 cm or larger. A sparse arrangement is adequate: sand supports digging, while rock piles provide caves and shelter. Aquatic plants are not a characteristic feature of its natural habitat.
Establish the seller's current water conditions and the history of any gradual acclimation before obtaining fish. Changes must be slow. Keep pH at least 8.0 and temperature at least 28 °C. Its specialized requirements favor a species aquarium.
Diet & feeding
Wild fish rely almost entirely on algae, particularly a blue-green alga. Aquarium fish accept dry foods and can also receive live or frozen foods, but plant matter such as spirulina preparations or blanched spinach remains essential. Acceptance of animal foods should not obscure the natural food base.
Behaviour & compatibility
It appears generally peaceful but defends space against conspecifics. Several can be maintained with adequate room and shelter. Ordinary companions unable to tolerate the warm alkaline conditions are unsuitable.
Sexual dimorphism
Males tend to become larger and more colorful.
Breeding
Females mouthbrood. A mixed-sex group can be conditioned for breeding at 28–32 °C and pH at least 8.0, preferably higher. The male excavates and guards a small pit, leaving it while feeding. The female lays there, allows fertilization, then collects the eggs.
Clutches are relatively small. Wild females move between males' pits, suggesting possible mating with several males over a short interval; this is an interpretation rather than a fixed rule. After approximately two weeks she releases the young and further parental care ceases. Fry immediately accept brine shrimp nauplii or microworms.
Notes
This fish excretes mainly urea rather than the ammonia typical of many fishes, with much passing through the gills. Surface air gulping may help in oxygen-poor, saline pools and is less frequent in captivity. These adaptations do not remove the need for oxygenation and maintenance.
来源
- https://www.seriouslyfish.com/species/oreochromis-grahami(抓取于 2026-10-10)
oreochromis-grahami · 文件: data/species/oreochromis-grahami.md · 状态: 草稿