微铅笔鱼 · Least Pencilfish
概要
| 字段 | 值 |
|---|---|
| 类别 | 鱼 |
| 学名 | Nannostomus minimus |
| 别名 | 微鉛筆魚 |
| 分类 | 脂鲤目 Characiformes › 短嘴脂鲤科 Lebiasinidae › Nannostomus |
| 水体 | 淡水 |
| 原产地 | 圭亚那 |
| 成体体长 | 2.3 cm |
| 饲养难度 | 中等 |
| 最小水体 | 41 L |
| 最小缸长 | 45 cm |
| 群居方式 | 群游 |
| 性情 | 温和 |
| 外部数据 | seriouslyfish nannostomus-minimus;fishbase 11921 |
| 食性 | 肉食 |
| 游动层 | 中层、上层 |
| 繁殖方式 | 产卵 |
水质参数
| 参数 | 耐受范围 | 最适范围 | 单位 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 水温 | 22–28 | — | °C |
| pH | 4–6.5 | — | — |
| 总硬度 | 1–5 | — | dGH |
概述
微铅笔鱼（Nannostomus minimus）体型极小，较少进入贸易，有时被误作玛丽铅笔鱼（Nannostomus marilynae）出售。它温和而胆怯，适合本种群养或仅配很小、同样安静的鱼。
分布与栖息地
已知来自圭亚那埃塞奎博河流域的波塔罗河和马扎鲁尼河水系，包括库鲁蓬附近等地点。
生活在缓流黑水支流、小河和沼泽，常有茂密水草、悬垂岸边植被、沉木及落叶。腐殖物质使水呈深色，矿物质很少，pH 可低至 4.0。与埃斯佩氏铅笔鱼（Nannostomus espei）共域时，本种似乎更偏向遮蔽丰富的岸边，而后者更多使用开阔水域。
饲养环境
底面积至少约 45 × 30 cm，密植水草配合深色底床，利用视线隔断减轻胆怯。浮水植物、沉木枝条和干落叶可提供额外掩蔽，落叶上的微生物能辅助育苗。
使用柔和过滤，气动海绵过滤通常足够。只在成熟、水质稳定的鱼缸内饲养，不能放入新缸。
食性与喂食
以微小无脊椎动物和动物浮游生物为食。缸内可接受适口干粮，每日搭配丰年虾无节幼体、小型水蚤、白线虫等小型活饵或冷冻饵，尤其注意食物大小。
习性与混养
优先本种群养，若混养，应选择极小且不具攻击性的脂鲤或较小底层鲶鱼。它常活动于中上层，不主动追食鱼苗，可作为适合的小型慈鲷陪游鱼，但不能保证绝对不吃苗。
建议至少 10 条，使其更大胆并展现自然行为。群体较松散，雄鱼白天会对峙，并非始终协调一致地群游。
雌雄区分
成年雄鱼花纹更浓、鳍色更明显，通常较纤细；其臀鳍明显改形，鳍条延长并增粗。雌鱼较丰满。
繁殖
已有水族箱繁殖记录，成熟密植缸中也可能自行出现少量鱼苗。若提高数量，可另设装有成熟水的容器，放入大量细毛线产卵拖把或细叶水草；不需强光，可使用小型气动海绵过滤。
亲鱼调养后，放一对或一两条雄鱼配数条雌鱼。成鱼越多吃卵风险越高，多雄也可能互相干扰。约 2～3 天后移走亲鱼，再过一两天可能见到鱼苗。
开口用草履虫或粒径约 5～50 μm 的微细饲料，随后按鱼苗大小加入丰年虾无节幼体、微虫等。
补充说明
本种曾被并入金色铅笔鱼（Nannostomus beckfordi），后来恢复独立种地位。它没有脂鳍，雄鱼高度改形的臀鳍可帮助与玛丽铅笔鱼区别。体侧主要暗纹明显，上方纹较弱或没有，下方纹后部较清楚、向前变淡。
夜间可出现斜向隐蔽斑纹，与白天外观不同。这是正常日夜节律，不表示夜行性。
图片
图片来自 SeriouslyFish,版权归各摄影者所有。
English
Overview
Tiny and uncommon in trade, Nannostomus minimus has sometimes been sold as Nannostomus marilynae. Its peaceful but timid nature favors a species group or only very small, quiet companions.
Distribution & habitat
Known records are from the Potaro and Mazaruni systems within Guyana's Essequibo basin, including localities around Kurupung.
It inhabits slow blackwater tributaries, small rivers, and swamps with dense plants, overhanging vegetation, wood, and leaves. Humic staining is strong, mineral content is low, and pH can reach 4.0. Where it shares habitat with Nannostomus espei, it apparently favors sheltered margins while its relative uses more open water.
Aquarium setup
Provide a footprint of at least about 45 × 30 cm. Dense planting, dark substrate, and broken sight lines reduce nervousness. Floating cover, branches, and dry leaves add shelter, with microorganisms on decomposing leaves supplementing fry food.
Gentle filtration is sufficient, normally an air-driven sponge unit. Use a fully mature aquarium with stable conditions rather than a newly established system.
Diet & feeding
It eats tiny invertebrates and other zooplankton. Combine suitable-sized preparations with daily Artemia nauplii, small water fleas, grindal worms, and similar live or frozen foods. Pay particular attention to particle size.
Behaviour & compatibility
A species group is preferable. If companions are included, choose diminutive nonaggressive characins or smaller bottom-dwelling catfishes. Middle-to-upper activity and lack of active fry hunting can make it useful with suitable dwarf cichlids, without guaranteeing no predation.
Keep at least ten where possible for confidence and natural behavior. Groups are loose rather than continuously coordinated schools, and males spar during daylight.
Sexual dimorphism
Males have stronger markings, more fin color, and generally slimmer bodies. Their anal fin is strongly modified, with thickened, extended rays. Females are fuller-bodied.
Breeding
Aquarium breeding has succeeded, and occasional fry may appear in mature planted tanks. For greater control, prepare a separate container with aged water and abundant fine wool mops or fine-leaved plants. Strong lighting is unnecessary; a small air-driven sponge filter can be used.
After conditioning adults, introduce a pair or one or two males with several females. More adults increase egg predation, while several males may distract each other. Remove the adults after two or three days; fry may appear another day or two later.
Begin feeding with Paramecium or fine preparations around 5–50 μm. Add Artemia nauplii or microworms when the fry can manage them.
Notes
Once merged with Nannostomus beckfordi, it was later restored as a distinct species. The absence of an adipose fin and the highly modified male anal fin help distinguish it from N. marilynae. The primary flank stripe is strong, the upper stripe weak or absent, and the lower stripe more distinct toward the rear.
Oblique camouflage markings appear at night. This normal day-night rhythm does not establish nocturnal behavior.
来源
- https://www.seriouslyfish.com/species/nannostomus-minimus(抓取于 2026-10-10)
nannostomus-minimus · 文件: data/species/nannostomus-minimus.md · 状态: 草稿