蓝美人 · Lake Kutubu Rainbowfish
概要
| 字段 | 值 |
|---|---|
| 类别 | 鱼 |
| 学名 | Melanotaenia lacustris |
| 别名 | 湖虹銀漢魚、湖虹银汉鱼 |
| 分类 | 银汉鱼目 Atheriniformes › 黑带银汉鱼科 Melanotaeniidae › Melanotaenia |
| 水体 | 淡水 |
| 成体体长 | 12 cm |
| 饲养难度 | 入门 |
| 最小水体 | 108 L |
| 最小缸长 | 120 cm |
| 群居方式 | 群游 |
| 性情 | 温和 |
| 外部数据 | seriouslyfish melanotaenia-lacustris;fishbase 10497 |
| 原产地 | 巴布亚新几内亚南高地省库图布湖及其流出的索罗河 |
| 食性 | 杂食 |
| 繁殖方式 | 散卵 |
水质参数
| 参数 | 耐受范围 | 最适范围 | 单位 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 水温 | 20–25 | — | °C |
| pH | 7–9 | — | — |
| 总硬度 | 10–20 | — | dGH |
概述
蓝美人（Melanotaenia lacustris）以成年后的蓝色体色受到喜爱，但幼鱼通常朴素，完全发色可能需要一年以上。它活动力强，适合有草丛掩护、宽阔泳道及同种伙伴的硬水缸。
分布与栖息地
原生范围限于巴布亚新几内亚南高地省的库图布湖及流出湖泊的索罗河。湖水清澈、平静，本种常聚集在水草、淹没的树根和木头周围。
饲养环境
底面积至少约 120 × 30 cm，密植区与开阔泳道相间布置。水草要能适应偏硬、碱性的水；本种不适合软酸水。保持有效过滤和规律维护，水流则尽量柔和，有助于雄鱼呈现良好体色。
食性与喂食
属于杂食鱼，通常不挑食，多数干饲料、活饵及冷冻饵均可接受。规律加入适口活饵有助于维持颜色与体况。
习性与混养
温和，但体形和快速游动可能扰动小型或慢游的缸友。可选择体形相仿、温和且水质需求一致的鱼。
至少六至八条同种一起养，更多个体需要更大的空间。群体能减少受惊，也促进雄鱼展示。
雌雄区分
成熟雄鱼更大、更鲜艳，体高明显高于雌鱼。繁殖状态的雄鱼鳃盖上方还会出现橙色斑块。
繁殖
属于散卵型，育苗比获得卵更费心。亲鱼先群体调养，再选体况好的一对进入有细叶水草或产卵拖把的繁殖缸。温和气动过滤即可，水宜略硬、偏碱，繁殖温度约 22–24 °C，无须铺底砂。
亲鱼可数周持续每天产少量带附着细丝的卵。成鱼会吃卵，应定期检查产卵介质并将卵移到水质相同的育苗缸。约七至十二天孵化，初期喂微型饵，一周左右再逐步增加丰年虾无节幼体等游动饵；近水面活动的鱼苗不适合吃沉底饵。
补充说明
库图布湖曾面对捕捞和石油开发等压力。挑选个体时不要把幼鱼颜色淡误判为永久的体色，成年发色也会随水环境变化。
图片
图片来自 SeriouslyFish,版权归各摄影者所有。
English
Overview
The blue adult coloration of Melanotaenia lacustris develops slowly: juveniles are usually plain, and full color may take more than a year. This active rainbowfish needs open swimming space, planted shelter, and company in suitable hard water.
Distribution & habitat
It is native only to Lake Kutubu and its outlet, the Soro River, in the Southern Highlands of Papua New Guinea. The lake is clear and still. Fish gather around vegetation, submerged roots, and wood.
Aquarium setup
Provide a base around 120 × 30 cm or larger, alternating dense planting with open lanes. Choose plants that tolerate relatively hard, alkaline conditions. Soft, acidic water is unsuitable. Effective filtration and regular maintenance support good condition and male color, while circulation should remain gentle.
Diet & feeding
This undemanding omnivore accepts most dry, live, and frozen foods. Regular suitable live offerings help maintain color and condition.
Behaviour & compatibility
Although peaceful, its size and quick movements may unsettle small or slow companions. Other placid fishes of comparable size and compatible water requirements are preferable.
Keep at least six to eight together, increasing space for a larger group. Conspecific company reduces nervousness and encourages displays.
Sexual dimorphism
Mature males are larger, brighter, and substantially deeper-bodied. An orange area above the gill cover develops in breeding condition.
Breeding
Obtaining scattered eggs is easier than rearing the offspring. Condition adults together before selecting a robust pair. Fine plants or mops collect eggs in a gently filtered aquarium; substrate is optional. Slightly hard, alkaline water around 22–24 °C suits breeding.
Daily batches can continue for weeks, with each egg attached by a fine thread. Adults eat eggs, so inspect the spawning material frequently and transfer eggs into matching water. Incubation takes roughly seven to twelve days. Start fry on microscopic food, introducing small swimming prey such as brine-shrimp nauplii after around a week. Their surface-oriented early behavior makes sinking foods unsuitable.
Notes
Collection pressure and oil development have affected concern for the Lake Kutubu environment. Pale juveniles should not be judged against adult photographs, and even adult coloration can vary with water conditions.
来源
- https://www.seriouslyfish.com/species/melanotaenia-lacustris(抓取于 2026-10-10)
melanotaenia-lacustris · 文件: data/species/melanotaenia-lacustris.md · 状态: 草稿