澳洲虹银汉鱼 · Western rainbowfish
概要
| 字段 | 值 |
|---|---|
| 类别 | 鱼 |
| 学名 | Melanotaenia australis |
| 别名 | 澳洲虹銀漢魚 |
| 分类 | 银汉鱼目 Atheriniformes › 黑带银汉鱼科 Melanotaeniidae › Melanotaenia |
| 水体 | 淡水 |
| 成体体长 | 12 cm |
| 饲养难度 | 入门 |
| 最小水体 | 108 L |
| 最小缸长 | 120 cm |
| 群居方式 | 群游 |
| 性情 | 温和 |
| 外部数据 | seriouslyfish melanotaenia-australis;fishbase 22712 |
| 原产地 | 澳大利亚 |
| 繁殖方式 | 散卵 |
水质参数
| 参数 | 耐受范围 | 最适范围 | 单位 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 水温 | 22–27 | — | °C |
| pH | 6.5–8 | — | — |
| 总硬度 | 5–20 | — | dGH |
概述
澳洲虹银汉鱼（Melanotaenia australis）是活跃、群居的温和彩虹鱼，颜色和花纹随产地而变化。幼鱼常显得朴素，完整发色可能需要一年以上，不宜只凭幼鱼颜色评价。
分布与栖息地
来自澳大利亚，多见于溪流及支流，也利用沼泽、潟湖、湖泊和河流。栖地水位、温度及悬浮物常随季节变化，鱼通常靠近水草、沉木等遮蔽物。
饲养环境
底面积至少约 120 × 30 cm，设置水草密植区并留出泳道，水流可由缓慢至适中。
食性与喂食
通常不挑食，多数干饲料、冷冻饵和活饵都能接受，规律提供适口活饵有利于发色。
习性与混养
至少六至八条同养，更多个体需要更多空间。它本身温和，但快速活动可能使小型、慢游鱼不适，宜搭配体形相近、同样平和的鱼。
不同产地型不要混养繁殖，因为它们容易相互交配，后代将难以保持原产地型的特征。
雌雄区分
成熟雄鱼更大、更鲜艳，身体较高，背鳍及臀鳍也比雌鱼长。
繁殖
散卵型，成鱼产卵相对容易，鱼苗照顾更有难度。调养后选择饱满、状态好的亲鱼配对，繁殖缸用细叶植物或产卵拖把及气动过滤，可不铺底。近中性、略硬的水，温度约 24–26.5 °C 可用于繁殖，轻微升温有时能刺激产卵。
亲鱼可连续数周每天产一批附着卵，而且会吃卵，应规律检查介质，转移到水质相同的育苗缸。卵约七至十天孵化，先喂微型饵，一周左右逐渐转为丰年虾无节幼体等游动食物。鱼苗多贴近水面，沉底饲料不合适。
补充说明
本种曾被归入其他近缘彩虹鱼的种复合体，遗传研究显示其内部也有不同谱系，分类意义仍需谨慎理解。保留明确来源比随意混合不同花色更有价值。
English
Overview
Melanotaenia australis is an active, peaceful schooling rainbowfish whose color and pattern vary by origin. Juveniles often look plain, and complete adult coloration may take more than a year to develop.
Distribution & habitat
It comes from Australia, most often using streams and tributaries but also swamps, lagoons, lakes, and rivers. Water level, temperature, and suspended material vary seasonally in many habitats. Fish usually remain near plants, submerged logs, or other cover.
Aquarium setup
Allow a footprint around 120 × 30 cm or more. Provide dense planted areas alongside open swimming lanes, with slow to moderate circulation.
Diet & feeding
Most dry, frozen, and live foods are accepted readily. Regular suitable live foods help support coloration.
Behaviour & compatibility
Maintain at least six to eight, enlarging the aquarium for more. It is peaceful, but rapid swimming can disturb tiny or slow companions. Similarly sized placid fishes are more appropriate.
Keep geographic forms separate for breeding, since they cross readily and mixed offspring lose a clear association with the original form.
Sexual dimorphism
Mature males are larger, more colorful, and deeper-bodied, with longer dorsal and anal fins.
Breeding
It scatters eggs readily, though raising the fry is more demanding. After conditioning, select a well-built pair for a tank with fine plants or spawning mops and gentle air-driven filtration. Substrate is optional. Slightly hard, near-neutral water around 24–26.5 °C suits breeding; a modest temperature increase may stimulate activity.
Egg batches can be deposited daily for several weeks, attaching to the medium. Adults eat eggs, so inspect regularly and transfer them into matching water. Hatching takes around seven to ten days. Begin with microscopic food, then introduce free-swimming prey such as brine-shrimp nauplii after about a week. Fry stay close to the surface, making sinking diets unsuitable.
Notes
It was once placed within a different rainbowfish complex. Genetic work also indicates separate lineages within this species, whose taxonomic implications need cautious interpretation. Clear origin records are more useful than casually mixing different color forms.
来源
- https://www.seriouslyfish.com/species/melanotaenia-australis(抓取于 2026-10-10)
melanotaenia-australis · 文件: data/species/melanotaenia-australis.md · 状态: 草稿