野大美鲶 · Spotted Hoplo
概要
| 字段 | 值 |
|---|---|
| 类别 | 鱼 |
| 学名 | Megalechis thoracata |
| 别名 | 护胸鲶、隆胸大美鲶、野大美鯰 |
| 分类 | 鲶形目 Siluriformes › 美鲶科 Callichthyidae › Megalechis |
| 水体 | 淡水 |
| 成体体长 | 15 cm |
| 饲养难度 | 入门 |
| 最小水体 | 137 L |
| 最小缸长 | 120 cm |
| 外部数据 | seriouslyfish megalechis-thoracata;fishbase 46502 |
| 原产地 | 南美洲北部 |
| 性情 | 温和 |
| 繁殖方式 | 吐泡筑巢 |
水质参数
| 参数 | 耐受范围 | 最适范围 | 单位 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 水温 | 18–28 | — | °C |
| pH | 6–8 | — | — |
| 总硬度 | 0–20 | — | dGH |
概述
野大美鲶（Megalechis thoracata）是体质较强的温和鲶鱼，可吞入空气并经肠道吸收氧。它偏爱缓静水环境，雄鱼筑泡巢，繁殖时需特别照顾水面稳定。
分布与栖息地
广布南美洲北部，主要生活于静水环境。
饲养环境
可参考约 120 × 38 × 30 厘米，沙或细砾底便于翻找食物，配石块、水草和沉木遮蔽。日常水流宜弱，虽能适应更强水流，繁殖时仍要保持水面平稳。
食性与喂食
多数人工食物可接受，另搭配活饵和冷冻食物，保持食谱变化。
习性与混养
平时温和，可与体型合适的小鱼搭配，也能适应较大型伙伴的环境；但繁殖守巢雄鱼可能对雌鱼变得强势。
雌雄区分
雄鱼胸鳍前缘鳍条更粗，带橙黄颜色，繁殖时腹部颜色也更鲜明。
繁殖
雄鱼筑泡巢，可用浮水植物加固，过滤应很温和，避免水面扰动破巢。产后可移开雌鱼，让雄鱼护卵。约 48 小时孵化，再三至四天平游，此时宜移开雄鱼，因其偶尔会吃鱼苗。幼鱼先吃初孵丰年虾，再逐渐加幼鱼粮、碎薄片和颗粒。较凉换水可尝试诱导不愿产卵的鱼。
补充说明
即使在水族箱中，也可能偶尔看到吞气动作，这是其辅助呼吸方式，不应据耐受力而降低日常维护。
图片
图片来自 SeriouslyFish,版权归各摄影者所有。
English
Overview
A hardy, peaceful catfish, Megalechis thoracata can use intestinal air breathing. It favors slow or still water, and the male’s bubble nest makes surface stability important during breeding.
Distribution & habitat
It is widespread in northern South America and primarily occupies still waters.
Aquarium setup
A suggested aquarium measures about 120 by 38 by 30 cm. Sand or fine gravel allows foraging, with rocks, plants, and wood providing cover. Gentle flow is preferable, especially when preserving a bubble nest.
Diet & feeding
Most commercial foods are accepted, with live and frozen items included for variety.
Behaviour & compatibility
Generally peaceful, it can share space with appropriately sized community fishes and tolerate larger companions. Nest-guarding males may become aggressive toward females.
Sexual dimorphism
Males have thicker orange-yellow leading pectoral rays and develop stronger belly coloration in breeding condition.
Breeding
Provide floating plants to support the male’s bubble nest and use very gentle filtration to avoid breaking it. Remove the female after spawning if needed while the male guards. Hatching takes about 48 hours, followed by swimming three to four days later. Remove the male by that stage because fry predation sometimes occurs. Start fry on newly hatched brine shrimp and gradually add fine prepared foods. Cooler-water changes can help encourage reluctant breeders.
Notes
Surface air gulps may also occur in captivity as part of its supplementary breathing behavior. Maintain normal aquarium care despite its hardiness.
来源
- https://www.seriouslyfish.com/species/megalechis-thoracata(抓取于 2026-10-10)
megalechis-thoracata · 文件: data/species/megalechis-thoracata.md · 状态: 草稿