隆胸大美鲶 · Bar-tailed Hoplo
概要
| 字段 | 值 |
|---|---|
| 类别 | 鱼 |
| 学名 | Megalechis picta |
| 别名 | 护胸鲶、隆胸大美鯰、護胸鯰、Callichthys pictus、Callichthys sulcatus、Hoplosternum oronocoi |
| 分类 | 鲶形目 Siluriformes › 美鲶科 Callichthyidae › Megalechis |
| 水体 | 淡水 |
| 原产地 | 巴西、圭亚那、委内瑞拉 |
| 成体体长 | 12 cm |
| 饲养难度 | 入门 |
| 最小水体 | 243 L |
| 最小缸长 | 120 cm |
| 群居方式 | 群游 |
| 性情 | 温和 |
| 外部数据 | seriouslyfish megalechis-picta;fishbase 12207 |
| 食性 | 杂食 |
| 繁殖方式 | 吐泡筑巢 |
水质参数
| 参数 | 耐受范围 | 最适范围 | 单位 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 水温 | 18–28 | — | °C |
| pH | 5–7.5 | — | — |
| 总硬度 | 15–20 | — | dGH |
概述
隆胸大美鲶（Megalechis picta）体质较强、性情温和，但活动可能对很小或较弱的伙伴显得粗放。雄鱼会筑泡巢守卵，繁殖时与平时的相处方式不同。
分布与栖息地
原生于安第斯山以东的巴西、委内瑞拉和圭亚那，记录涉及亚马逊、奥里诺科、埃塞奎博上游及巴西北部小型沿海水系，不见于苏里南和法属圭亚那。可利用多种栖境，甚至耐受低氧环境。
饲养环境
底面积至少约 120 × 45 厘米。细沙较合适，圆滑砾石需维持清洁，配遮蔽和浮水植物增加安全感。
食性与喂食
杂食，接受下沉干粮与小型活冷冻饵。适应后也会上浮取漂浮食物，但仍应主动投喂，不能只依赖其他鱼剩余。
习性与混养
较适合体型相当或更大的南美鱼类群养环境，不宜与太小、太娇弱的种类搭配。
雌雄区分
成年雄鱼更大，胸鳍硬棘显著粗大。
繁殖
雄鱼筑泡巢，浮水植物常被纳入巢体，可提供支撑。产后雌鱼可移开，雄鱼守巢时可能攻击她。卵约 48～72 小时孵化，此时可移走雄鱼，避免其捕食活动的后代；再三至四天平游，能吃丰年虾无节幼体等小食物。
补充说明
与野大美鲶相比，本种尾鳍有深色竖带、背鳍棘相对更长。商品名称曾混用，辨认应优先看这些外观而非只看俗名。
图片
图片来自 SeriouslyFish,版权归各摄影者所有。
English
Overview
Hardy and generally peaceful, Megalechis picta can still be too boisterous for very small or delicate companions. The male builds and guards a bubble nest, changing the social requirements during reproduction.
Distribution & habitat
The native range includes Brazil, Venezuela, and Guyana east of the Andes, spanning the Amazon, Orinoco, upper Essequibo, and some northern Brazilian coastal rivers. It is absent from Suriname and French Guiana. Habitat use is broad, including tolerance of low-oxygen conditions.
Aquarium setup
Provide at least a 120 by 45 cm footprint with fine sand or clean rounded gravel. Shelter and floating plants are useful additions.
Diet & feeding
Offer sinking foods and varied small live or frozen supplements. Settled fish may also rise for floating food. Direct feeding remains necessary; scraps are not a complete diet.
Behaviour & compatibility
Comparable-sized or larger South American fishes are suitable candidates. Very small or delicate species may find its activity overwhelming.
Sexual dimorphism
Adult males grow larger and develop greatly enlarged pectoral spines.
Breeding
The male incorporates floating vegetation into a bubble nest. Remove the female after spawning if necessary because nest guarding may bring aggression. Eggs hatch in roughly 48–72 hours; removing the male then helps avoid losses once young become mobile. Fry swim freely another three to four days later and accept brine shrimp nauplii.
Notes
A dark vertical tail-fin bar and relatively longer dorsal spine help distinguish it from M. thoracata. Historical trade-name overlap makes examination of the fish more useful than the label alone.
来源
- https://www.seriouslyfish.com/species/megalechis-picta(抓取于 2026-10-10)
megalechis-picta · 文件: data/species/megalechis-picta.md · 状态: 草稿