斑马拟丽鱼 · Zebra Mbuna
概要
| 字段 | 值 |
|---|---|
| 类别 | 鱼 |
| 学名 | Maylandia zebra |
| 别名 | 斑馬擬麗魚 |
| 分类 | 慈鲷目 Cichliformes › 慈鲷科 Cichlidae › Maylandia |
| 水体 | 淡水 |
| 成体体长 | 15.2 cm |
| 饲养难度 | 中等 |
| 最小水体 | 205 L |
| 最小缸长 | 120 cm |
| 领地性 | 是 |
| 外部数据 | seriouslyfish maylandia-zebra;fishbase 8345 |
| 原产地 | 马拉维湖 |
| 性情 | 攻击性 |
| 繁殖方式 | 口孵 |
水质参数
| 参数 | 耐受范围 | 最适范围 | 单位 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 水温 | 22–28 | — | °C |
| pH | 7.6–8.6 | — | — |
| 总硬度 | 10–25 | — | dGH |
概述
斑马拟丽鱼（Maylandia zebra）是攻击性较强的马拉维湖岩栖慈鲷，不适合普通热带社区缸。它适合有明确群体管理的大型岩栖鱼布局，植物性饮食、控制投喂量和水质维护同样重要。
分布与栖息地
本种为马拉维湖特有鱼，生活在湖岸、礁区和岛屿周边不同深度的岩石环境。
饲养环境
至少提供 120 厘米长的缸，以岩堆形成大量洞穴和裂缝，沙底较合适。可使用较明亮照明促进岩面藻类及附着微生物生长，供其啃食。它对水质不佳较敏感，过滤和日常维护必须充分。
食性与喂食
植物性食物应为主，包括螺旋藻薄片、烫菠菜、海苔及其他合适绿色饵料。活饵、冻饵如丰年虾或摇蚊幼虫可少量偶尔补充，不应把高蛋白食物作为基础。牛心和其他畜肉不适合投喂，且本种易过肥，要控制总量。
习性与混养
可在合理选择的马湖群落中饲养，但应避开温和的孔雀类等鱼。常以一雄约三雌分散雄鱼骚扰，同缸多雄需要更大空间和谨慎评估。岩洞数量充足并不能保证消除其强烈攻击性。
雌雄区分
优势雄鱼颜色最鲜明，雄鱼臀鳍卵斑通常更浓，随年龄增长可出现额隆，成年体型也比雌鱼大。
繁殖
由雌鱼口孵，专缸较利于幼鱼成活。可用约 120 厘米长的缸、一雄至少三雌，设置平石及开阔沙面，繁殖参考 pH 8.0～8.5、25～26.5 °C。雄鱼清理并展示守候产卵点，雌鱼分批产卵并马上含入口中，再追逐雄鱼臀鳍卵斑时接受精液完成受精。每窝通常约 10～15 枚。
雌鱼口孵约三至四周，期间不进食，口部明显膨大。受惊可能吐卵或吞卵；过早离群或离开太久也会影响原有等级位置。除非持续被骚扰，应尽量减少不必要的移动。自然释出的仔鱼可吃丰年虾无节幼体和压碎干粮。人工取苗是经验要求高的操作，不是新手提高数量的默认方法。
English
Overview
Maylandia zebra is an aggressive Malawian mbuna unsuitable for an ordinary tropical community. It needs a deliberately managed rock-dwelling community, alongside plant-oriented feeding, controlled portions and reliable water-quality maintenance.
Distribution & habitat
Endemic to Lake Malawi, it occupies rocky areas at various depths around shores, reefs and islands.
Aquarium setup
Provide at least 120 cm of tank length. Rock piles should create numerous caves and cracks over a preferably sandy bottom. Relatively bright lighting encourages algae and associated microorganisms on the rocks for grazing. Effective filtration and consistent upkeep matter because poor water quality is not well tolerated.
Diet & feeding
Plant ingredients should form the basis of feeding: spirulina flakes, blanched spinach, dried seaweed and other suitable greens. Small occasional live or frozen treats such as brine shrimp or bloodworm are possible, but high-protein foods should not dominate. Avoid beef heart and other terrestrial meats, and control total portions because obesity is a particular concern.
Behaviour & compatibility
A carefully chosen Malawi community can work, but exclude gentle peacocks and similarly quiet fishes. Around three females per male helps spread harassment. Multiple males require more room and careful assessment. Ample caves do not guarantee that strong aggression will disappear.
Sexual dimorphism
Dominant males show the strongest color. Males also have more intense anal-fin egg spots, can develop a forehead hump with age and ultimately become larger than females.
Breeding
Females mouthbrood, with a dedicated aquarium offering better fry survival. A tank around 120 cm long can hold one male and at least three females with flat stones and open sand. Approximately pH 8.0–8.5 and 25–26.5 °C are breeding references. The male cleans and displays around a chosen site. The female lays in batches, collects each batch and receives sperm while trying to collect his anal-fin egg spots. Broods commonly contain approximately 10–15 eggs.
Incubation lasts about three to four weeks, during which the female does not eat and her mouth becomes swollen. Stress can cause premature release or consumption of the clutch. Early or prolonged removal from the group may also affect her social position. Unless she is being persistently harassed, limit unnecessary relocation. Naturally released fry accept brine-shrimp nauplii and crushed dry food. Artificial stripping requires considerable experience and is not a default beginner technique.
来源
- https://www.seriouslyfish.com/species/maylandia-zebra(抓取于 2026-10-10)
maylandia-zebra · 文件: data/species/maylandia-zebra.md · 状态: 草稿