约翰娜矛丽鱼 · Red-finned Pike Cichlid
概要
| 字段 | 值 |
|---|---|
| 类别 | 鱼 |
| 学名 | Lugubria johanna |
| 别名 | 約翰娜矛麗魚、Crenicichla johanna |
| 分类 | 慈鲷目 Cichliformes › 慈鲷科 Cichlidae › Lugubria |
| 水体 | 淡水 |
| 原产地 | 玻利维亚、巴西、哥伦比亚、法属圭亚那、圭亚那、秘鲁及委内瑞拉 |
| 成体体长 | 30 cm |
| 饲养难度 | 中等 |
| 最小水体 | 648 L |
| 最小缸长 | 180 cm |
| 外部数据 | seriouslyfish lugubria-johanna;fishbase 26682 |
| 食性 | 肉食 |
| 特征 | 吃小鱼: 是 |
水质参数
| 参数 | 耐受范围 | 最适范围 | 单位 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 水温 | 23–26 | — | °C |
| pH | 6–7 | — | — |
| 总硬度 | 0–20 | — | dGH |
概述
约翰娜矛丽鱼（Lugubria johanna）是成鱼可达约 30 厘米的大型矛丽鱼，主要捕食鱼类。它的口裂很大，即使外观修长，也能威胁许多看起来并不特别小的同伴；同种个体之间尤其可能发生冲突。
分布与栖息地
广布于南美洲北部多条河流，记录涉及奥里诺科河、埃塞奎博河、Oyapock 河、Approuague 河及巴西 Amapá 河等，也见于秘鲁、苏里南和玻利维亚部分地区。主要生活在流动较快的河流与溪流，不同地区已形成多种颜色表现。
饲养环境
可参考约 180 × 60 × 60 厘米的大缸。建议沙底，岩石形成可退避的洞穴，水流维持中等至较强。它可能翻挖并重新安排装饰，若放水草，宜用耐受性较强、盆栽或固定在沉木上的种类。
食性与喂食
野外以食鱼为主，也摄取水生无脊椎动物。某些胃含物中的陆生植物材料可能来自猎物胃内，而不是它主动吃植物，因此不能据此认定杂食或补成吃植物特征。安排食物时应围绕其明确的动物性取食需求。
习性与混养
可能表现较强攻击性，尤其面对同种个体。可专缸饲养，或在充分评估空间和个体反应后考虑其他大型慈鲷；任何能被吞下的鱼都存在被捕食风险。不能以幼鱼阶段短暂相容推断成年后仍然合适。
雌雄区分
雄鱼较大，斑纹可能更明显；雌鱼整体颜色更鲜艳。斑纹强弱不是绝对性别标准。
补充说明
广阔分布带来不同产地色型，身份和来源应与商品颜色名分别记录。野外胃含物中的偶然植物碎屑，不能替代对实际取食行为的判断。
图片
图片来自 SeriouslyFish,版权归各摄影者所有。
English
Overview
Lugubria johanna is a large pike cichlid reaching approximately 30 cm and feeding predominantly on fishes. Its substantial mouth makes many smaller companions vulnerable despite its slender outline. Conflict is particularly possible between members of the same species.
Distribution & habitat
It ranges widely through northern South America, with records from the Orinoco, Essequibo, Oyapock, Approuague and Amapá systems, among others. Populations also occur in parts of Peru, Suriname and Bolivia. Faster-flowing rivers and streams are typical, and geographically separated populations show different colors.
Aquarium setup
A tank around 180 × 60 × 60 cm provides a large-aquarium reference. Use sand and rock caves into which the fish can retreat, with moderate to strong circulation. Excavation and rearrangement of furnishings are possible. Any plants should be robust, preferably potted or secured to wood.
Diet & feeding
Wild feeding is dominated by fish, with aquatic invertebrates also consumed. Terrestrial plant material found in some stomach samples probably came from the stomachs of prey rather than deliberate plant feeding. It therefore does not establish omnivory or a plant-eating habit. Plan feeding around the clearly animal-based diet.
Behaviour & compatibility
Aggression can occur, especially toward conspecifics. A dedicated aquarium is an option; other large cichlids should be considered only with adequate space and observation of individual behavior. Anything small enough to swallow is at risk, and a period of juvenile coexistence does not establish adult compatibility.
Sexual dimorphism
Males are larger and may show more prominent markings, while females are generally more colorful. Pattern intensity is not an absolute sexing rule.
Notes
The broad range has produced multiple locality forms. Keep identity and collection information separate from color-based trade descriptions. Incidental plant material in a gut sample should not be substituted for evidence of deliberate feeding behavior.
来源
- https://www.seriouslyfish.com/species/lugubria-johanna(抓取于 2026-10-10)
lugubria-johanna · 文件: data/species/lugubria-johanna.md · 状态: 草稿