南美肺鱼 · South American Lungfish
概要
| 字段 | 值 |
|---|---|
| 类别 | 鱼 |
| 学名 | Lepidosiren paradoxa |
| 别名 | 南美肺魚 |
| 分类 | 南美肺鱼目 Lepidosireniformes › 南美肺鱼科 Lepidosirenidae › Lepidosiren |
| 水体 | 淡水 |
| 成体体长 | 125 cm |
| 饲养难度 | 中等 |
| 最小水体 | 3240 L |
| 最小缸长 | 240 cm |
| 性情 | 温和 |
| 特征 | 会跳缸: 是;吃小鱼: 是;翻底砂: 是 |
| 外部数据 | seriouslyfish lepidosiren-paradoxa;fishbase 4511 |
| 原产地 | 哥伦比亚、委内瑞拉、法属圭亚那、秘鲁、巴西、巴拉圭、阿根廷 |
| 食性 | 杂食 |
| 繁殖方式 | 附着产卵 |
水质参数
| 参数 | 耐受范围 | 最适范围 | 单位 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 水温 | 24–28 | — | °C |
| pH | 6–8 | — | — |
| 总硬度 | 2–20 | — | dGH |
概述
南美肺鱼（Lepidosiren paradoxa）是必须呼吸空气的大型鱼，寿命可明显超过二十年。成年空间和长期维护投入都很高，幼鱼生长不会因为缸小就停止；准备购入时，应已经具备终身安置条件，而不是把以后转送当作计划。
分布与栖息地
广见于亚马孙、巴拉圭河与巴拉那河下游流域，记录国家包括哥伦比亚、委内瑞拉、法属圭亚那、秘鲁、巴西、巴拉圭和阿根廷。生活在缓流或静水的草丛溪流、沼泽和支流，一些栖地缺氧，旱季甚至完全干涸。
饲养环境
成年设施参考至少 240 × 90 × 150 厘米，重点是足够长度和宽度。水流很弱，照明极柔和，大型根木和圆石可作遮蔽，必须足够重或固定，避免被推动。砂泥底有益但不强制，裸底也可。
缸盖不能被顶开，边缘不得有逃逸缝隙；水面上留约 15 厘米空气层，并保证鱼能自由上浮呼吸。只有曝气而没有空气通道仍不行。大型高效过滤必不可少，底滤能把加热器等移出主缸，避免大鱼损坏玻璃设备。
食性与喂食
野外杂食，吃鱼、贝类、两栖动物与植物材料。人工可给虾、贝肉、适口鱼类、藻片及其他植物性食物，较大个体用大小合适的整鱼。很小的幼鱼每天喂，随成长逐渐减频，成鱼通常每周一餐即可。
牛心、禽肉等不适合长期喂养，普通活饵鱼也可能带入疾病，不能用来代替多样而可控的菜单。
习性与混养
对大到不可能当作食物的伙伴通常平和，但个体差异明显，有些会排斥其他底栖鱼。即使选择大型温和伙伴，也需要远超单鱼的总空间，不能把它平时不活跃当作可高密度混养的理由。
繁殖
野外在雨季繁殖，卵产在铺有植物材料的深洞巢内，由雄鱼守护。繁殖雄鱼腹鳍会出现临时鳃状结构。幼鱼孵化时有外鳃，约两个月后肺逐渐成熟，外鳃开始退化。幼鱼黑底配金色斑点，与成鱼外观不同。人工爱好者繁殖尚未记录。
补充说明
旱季水退时会钻入泥中形成洞穴，并以降低代谢等方式进入夏眠，等雨水恢复；这是极端环境下的适应，不能作为缸内模拟失水的理由。即使养熟也有咬伤风险，不应徒手把玩。
English
Overview
An obligate air-breathing fish, Lepidosiren paradoxa combines a very large adult size with a lifespan well beyond twenty years. Restricted housing does not halt growth. Lifetime facilities should already be available rather than relying on a future upgrade or rehoming.
Distribution & habitat
Its range spans much of the Amazon, Paraguay, and lower Paraná basins, including Colombia, Venezuela, French Guiana, Peru, Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina. Slow or stagnant creeks, swamps, and tributaries may become hypoxic or dry out seasonally.
Aquarium setup
The suggested adult installation is at least 240 by 90 by 150 cm, with length and width especially important. Keep flow minimal and light subdued. Heavy or secured wood and smooth rocks can provide cover; sand, mud, or a bare base are possible.
The cover must resist displacement and leave no escape gaps. Keep roughly 15 cm of air space and unrestricted access to the surface. Aeration alone cannot replace atmospheric breathing. Large, efficient filtration is essential, and a sump keeps fragile equipment beyond the fish’s reach.
Diet & feeding
It is naturally omnivorous, eating fish, shellfish, amphibians, and plant material. Offer varied aquatic animal foods with algae wafers and other vegetable matter, scaling whole fish to larger specimens. Very small juveniles need daily food, while adults generally require no more than one meal weekly.
Avoid mammalian or avian meat and routine feeder fish, which add unsuitable fats or disease risks.
Behaviour & compatibility
It is generally peaceful toward companions too large to eat, but some individuals object to other bottom-dwellers. Any mixed display requires enormous additional space. Low activity does not justify crowding.
Breeding
Wild reproduction occurs during the rains. Eggs are placed in a deep, vegetation-lined burrow and guarded by the male, which develops temporary gill-like pelvic-fin structures. Larvae initially have external gills; these recede as the lungs develop around two months of age. Young fish are black with gold spots. Hobby breeding is unrecorded.
Notes
As water recedes, it burrows into mud and survives drought through reduced metabolism and estivation until rain returns. This is a survival adaptation, not an aquarium drying procedure. Even accustomed specimens can inflict a serious bite and should not be petted.
来源
- https://www.seriouslyfish.com/species/lepidosiren-paradoxa(抓取于 2026-10-10)
lepidosiren-paradoxa · 文件: data/species/lepidosiren-paradoxa.md · 状态: 草稿