Hoplisoma kanei · C026

Overview

Before formal description, Hoplisoma kanei circulated as C026 and C046. This peaceful spotted catfish is frequently confused with a relative. A dark base color, numerous fine body spots, and markings in both anal and caudal fins should be assessed together.

Distribution & habitat

Its range remains uncertain. It appears to come from Brazil's Negro basin, possibly only the Branco drainage. The type specimen entered through the aquarium trade and was said to originate near Boa Vista in Roraima; that report is not a precise verified collecting site.

Aquarium setup

Fine sand is a good choice, with very clean rounded gravel as an alternative. Decoration is flexible, provided there are covered spaces for the group.

Diet & feeding

Related cory catfishes are generally foraging omnivores. Typical captive foods include sinking preparations, small live foods, and frozen bloodworms or aquatic worms.

Feed the catfish deliberately with a varied ration. Leftovers from companions are insufficient provision, and the fish do not replace substrate cleaning.

Behaviour & compatibility

A group of at least four to six matches its peaceful, social nature.

Sexual dimorphism

Females tend to become larger, broader, and deeper-bodied than mature males.

Breeding

Methods used for related catfishes are applicable, preferably with at least two males per female. When females are visibly gravid, a 50–70% change using slightly cooler water within the appropriate range, combined with greater oxygenation and movement, can stimulate spawning. Repeat daily if necessary.

Eggs may adhere to glass, fine plants, or submerged mops. Mops simplify transfer. Separate the adults and eggs afterward, gently rolling glass-bound eggs free if required. Incubate in the same water with ample oxygenation. Some breeders add a little methylene blue or one or two alder cones against fungus.

Hatching usually takes three to four days. Once yolk reserves are exhausted, offer microworms or Artemia nauplii. Fry require excellent water quality. A thin sand layer appears to reduce ailments compared with bare flooring, without replacing careful maintenance.

Notes

Compared with the frequently confused Hoplisoma atropersonatum, this species has marked anal and caudal fins, more numerous smaller body spots, and a darker background. It moved from Corydoras to Hoplisoma in 2024, so former names and C numbers may remain on labels.

Related armored catfishes use intestinal air breathing, making occasional surface gulps normal. Pectoral spines can inflict painful punctures, and mild toxicity of surrounding gland secretions is suspected, requiring care during handling.