美丽异小鮰 · Least Killifish
概要
| 字段 | 值 |
|---|---|
| 类别 | 鱼 |
| 学名 | Heterandria formosa |
| 别名 | 美麗異小鮰 |
| 分类 | 鳉形目 Cyprinodontiformes › 花鳉科 Poeciliidae › Heterandria |
| 水体 | 淡水 |
| 原产地 | 美国 |
| 成体体长 | 2 cm |
| 饲养难度 | 入门 |
| 群居方式 | 群游 |
| 性情 | 温和 |
| 外部数据 | seriouslyfish heterandria-formosa;fishbase 3224 |
| 食性 | 杂食 |
| 繁殖方式 | 卵胎生 |
水质参数
| 参数 | 耐受范围 | 最适范围 | 单位 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 水温 | 20–26 | — | °C |
| pH | 7–8 | — | — |
| 总硬度 | 5–20 | — | dGH |
概述
美丽异小鮰（Heterandria formosa）是极小型、温和的卵胎生鱼，雄鱼尤其容易成为其他鱼的食物。以小群体在低水流的密植缸中饲养，更能发挥它容易繁殖、可连续见到新生幼鱼的特点。
分布与栖息地
原产美国，模式产地包括南卡罗来纳州查尔斯顿和佛罗里达州帕拉特卡。常在静水或缓流的浅岸水草区活动，部分地区也有半咸水记录。
饲养环境
单对可使用约 30 × 20 × 20 cm、12.5 L 的缸，小群饲养时应相应提供空间。过滤保持柔和，尽量减小水流，密集水草比特定装饰样式更重要。
食性与喂食
属于杂食鱼，喜欢适口的丰年虾、水蚤等小型活饵或冷冻饵，也会啄食藻类。食谱应包含植物成分；缺少藻类时，可补充压碎的螺旋藻薄片。
习性与混养
虽然温和，却不适合随意加入普通混养缸：许多常见鱼能吞食它，活跃抢食的同伴也会使其吃亏。可考虑体型接近且不捕食小鱼的铅笔鱼、小型底层鲶鱼或淡水虾，并确认环境需求一致。
宜维持一个小群体。雄鱼争夺雌鱼时可有轻微冲突，但造成身体损伤较少。
雌雄区分
雄鱼远小于雌鱼，交接器相对身体显得很长。
繁殖
雌雄同养且环境适合时容易持续繁殖，密植缸中可保留数条两性个体。妊娠约 4 周，但不会整齐地一次产下一大胎：雌鱼体内可同时存在发育阶段不同的胚胎，胚胎还通过功能类似胎盘的器官获得营养。
因此，有数条雌鱼时，常每隔一两天便见到少量新幼鱼。新生鱼已经能吃粉状干粮和丰年虾无节幼体，成鱼通常不会伤害它们。
补充说明
购买时留意鉴别，不能因为被叫作“食蚊鱼”就与攻击性强得多的食蚊鱼属混为一谈。它属于体型极小的鱼类，但这种体型并不意味着适合与任何小型观赏鱼混养。
图片
图片来自 SeriouslyFish,版权归各摄影者所有。
English
Overview
Tiny size is the main stocking constraint for the peaceful livebearer Heterandria formosa. Males in particular can become prey for ordinary aquarium fishes. A small colony in a densely planted, very gentle-flowing aquarium allows its unusual pattern of frequent births to be observed.
Distribution & habitat
This United States species has type localities at Charleston, South Carolina, and Palatka, Florida. It uses shallow vegetated margins of still or sluggish water, with brackish occurrences in some areas.
Aquarium setup
A pair can occupy approximately 30 × 20 × 20 cm, or 12.5 L, with more space provided for a colony. Keep circulation minimal and filtration gentle. Dense vegetation matters more than any particular arrangement of ornaments.
Diet & feeding
Offer small live or frozen foods, including Artemia and Daphnia, alongside suitable preparations. This omnivore also grazes algae and needs a plant component. Crushed spirulina flakes are useful when natural algal growth is unavailable.
Behaviour & compatibility
Peacefulness does not make it a general community fish. Larger companions may swallow it, while vigorous feeders can outcompete it. Similarly sized, nonpredatory pencilfishes, small bottom-dwelling catfishes, or freshwater shrimp are possible choices where environmental requirements match.
A small colony is preferable. Males may contest access to females, but injury is uncommon.
Sexual dimorphism
Males are substantially smaller and carry a gonopodium that is notably large relative to their body.
Breeding
Mixed-sex groups reproduce readily in appropriate conditions. Use dense planting and several individuals of each sex. Development lasts around four weeks, but young arrive in small installments because embryos of different ages coexist within the female. They also receive substantial maternal nourishment through structures functioning somewhat like a placenta.
With several females, a few newborns may appear every day or two. They immediately accept powdered food and Artemia nauplii. Adults generally leave them unharmed.
Notes
Check identification when buying fish labeled as mosquito fish: members of Gambusia are much more aggressive. Its exceptionally small size is a reason for careful companion selection, rather than an assurance that any small community fish will be suitable.
来源
- https://www.seriouslyfish.com/species/heterandria-formosa(抓取于 2026-10-10)
heterandria-formosa · 文件: data/species/heterandria-formosa.md · 状态: 草稿