吉拉德食蚊鱼 · Metallic Girardinus
概要
| 字段 | 值 |
|---|---|
| 类别 | 鱼 |
| 学名 | Girardinus metallicus |
| 别名 | 吉拉德食蚊魚 |
| 分类 | 鳉形目 Cyprinodontiformes › 花鳉科 Poeciliidae › Girardinus |
| 水体 | 淡水 |
| 成体体长 | 6 cm |
| 饲养难度 | 入门 |
| 最小水体 | 41 L |
| 最小缸长 | 45 cm |
| 性情 | 温和 |
| 外部数据 | seriouslyfish girardinus-metallicus;fishbase 11967 |
| 原产地 | 古巴 |
| 食性 | 杂食 |
| 繁殖方式 | 卵胎生 |
水质参数
| 参数 | 耐受范围 | 最适范围 | 单位 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 水温 | 22–27 | — | °C |
| pH | 6.5–8 | — | — |
| 总硬度 | 8–20 | — | dGH |
概述
吉拉德食蚊鱼（Girardinus metallicus）是来自古巴的温和卵胎生鱼。中等硬度、偏碱的淡水或合适的半咸水环境均见于饲养建议，选同伴时应按实际水质匹配，不能只看性情。
分布与栖息地
原产古巴，栖息于溪流、池塘与水沟。水常接近静止，部分栖地带有盐分。
饲养环境
可采用长约 45 cm 的缸，密植水草并加入浮水遮蔽。避免软而酸的环境；淡水饲养时保持相应硬度与稳定水质。若采用半咸水系统，同伴也必须适应该环境。
食性与喂食
属于杂食鱼。提供小型活饵、冷冻饵和干粮，并确保食谱含较多植物成分。
习性与混养
性情温和。硬水淡水缸可考虑适应同样水质的强健小型底层鲶鱼、脂鲤或彩虹鱼；半咸水缸则需从适合盐度的小型鱼中选择，不能把两套名单直接互换。
雄鱼会持续追逐雌鱼，每雄配数条雌鱼，并布置密集草丛，可分散追逐压力。
雌雄区分
雄鱼较小，具有交接器，并有黑色条纹从口部沿腹面一直延伸到交接器。雌鱼体型较大。
繁殖
避免软酸水后通常容易繁殖。妊娠约 24 天，每胎约 15～30 条。成鱼会捕食幼鱼，可将怀孕雌鱼移入独立缸，生产后移回主缸。狭小繁殖盒或网盒不适合作为长期育苗空间。
鱼苗较大，出生即可吃丰年虾无节幼体和粉碎薄片，也应提供焯软菠菜、螺旋藻等植物性食物。每天喂 2～3 次时生长较快。
补充说明
本种在 20 世纪初进入观赏鱼贸易，曾一度少见，1965 年在柏林动物园重新出现，此后主要由专门繁殖者维持，也偶见于水族商店。
图片
图片来自 SeriouslyFish,版权归各摄影者所有。
English
Overview
The Cuban livebearer Girardinus metallicus is peaceful, but compatibility depends as much on water chemistry as on temperament. Moderately hard alkaline freshwater and suitable brackish setups are both described for its care; companions must match the system actually used.
Distribution & habitat
It originates in Cuba, occupying streams, ponds, and ditches. These waters are often still and may be brackish.
Aquarium setup
An aquarium about 45 cm long can be used, with dense plants and floating shade. Avoid soft, acidic conditions. In freshwater, maintain appropriate hardness and stable conditions; a brackish setup requires companions suited to that environment.
Diet & feeding
Supply small live, frozen, and prepared foods for this omnivore, with a substantial plant component in the overall menu.
Behaviour & compatibility
Peaceful fishes with matching water requirements are suitable candidates. Hardy small catfishes, characins, or rainbowfishes may work in hard freshwater, whereas brackish companions must be selected for the chosen salinity.
Males can pursue females persistently. Several females per male, together with dense vegetation, help spread attention and provide escape cover.
Sexual dimorphism
The smaller male has a gonopodium and a black line following the underside from mouth to mating organ. Females are larger.
Breeding
Reproduction is straightforward when soft, acidic water is avoided. After approximately 24 days of pregnancy, broods commonly contain 15–30 young. Adults eat fry, so move a gravid female into a separate nursery and return her after birth. Small traps and net enclosures are unsuitable as growing space.
The relatively large newborns take Artemia nauplii and crushed flakes immediately. Include plant foods such as softened spinach and spirulina preparations. Feeding two or three times daily supports rapid growth.
Notes
After an early twentieth-century aquarium introduction, the species became scarce until a 1965 reappearance in a Berlin zoo. Specialist breeders subsequently maintained it, with occasional availability in aquarium shops.
来源
- https://www.seriouslyfish.com/species/girardinus-metallicus(抓取于 2026-10-10)
girardinus-metallicus · 文件: data/species/girardinus-metallicus.md · 状态: 草稿