小点非洲攀鲈 · Leopard Bushfish
概要
| 字段 | 值 |
|---|---|
| 类别 | 鱼 |
| 学名 | Ctenopoma acutirostre |
| 别名 | 小點非洲攀鱸 |
| 分类 | 攀鲈目 Anabantiformes › 攀鲈科 Anabantidae › Ctenopoma |
| 水体 | 淡水 |
| 原产地 | 中非共和国、刚果民主共和国、刚果共和国 |
| 成体体长 | 15 cm |
| 饲养难度 | 中等 |
| 最小水体 | 108 L |
| 最小缸长 | 120 cm |
| 群居方式 | 独居 |
| 外部数据 | seriouslyfish ctenopoma-acutirostre;fishbase 10029 |
| 食性 | 肉食 |
| 繁殖方式 | 散卵 |
水质参数
| 参数 | 耐受范围 | 最适范围 | 单位 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 水温 | 20–28 | — | °C |
| pH | 5.5–7.5 | — | — |
| 总硬度 | 2–12 | — | dGH |
概述
小点非洲攀鲈（Ctenopoma acutirostre）会借落叶和水中碎屑般的外形慢慢接近猎物，是有趣的伏击捕食鱼。它较强健且寿命长，良好照护下可超过 15 年，饲养前应考虑长期安置。
分布与栖息地
广布于刚果河中游，从马莱博湖上溯至博约马瀑布，涉及刚果共和国、刚果民主共和国和中非共和国。开赛河、勒菲尼河、乌班吉河、楚阿帕河及洛马米河等重要支流都有记录。
饲养环境
底面积至少约 120 × 30 cm。采用柔和光照和浮水遮蔽，水下布置沉木根枝、水榕等植物以及干落叶，提供隐蔽和伏击空间。
食性与喂食
属于专性捕食鱼，野外可能以小鱼和无脊椎动物为主。缸内大多能适应非活体食物；少数接受干粮，但不应把干粮作为主要食谱。
幼鱼可喂红虫、小蚯蚓和切碎虾肉，成鱼可吃鱼肉条、整虾、贻贝、活河虾和较大蚯蚓等。不要投喂牛心、鸡肉等哺乳类或禽肉，这类脂肪难以正常利用，可能造成脂肪堆积及器官问题。以小金鱼或卵胎生鱼作饲料并无必要，还会增加带入寄生虫和疾病的风险。
雌雄区分
雄鱼鳃盖上的棘较多，尾柄基部还有粗糙区域，雌鱼缺少这一特征。
繁殖
人工产卵记录不多。可从一群幼鱼开始，让它们自然形成配对。繁殖缸应宽敞，有大量浮水植物，盖子严密，以维持温暖湿润的空气层，帮助幼鱼迷鳃正常发育。
据观察，雌雄缠抱时释放卵和精子，卵浮至水面并停留在浮水植物中。亲鱼不照护后代，产后应移走。约 48 小时孵化，幼鱼随后很快自由游动；最初约两天用草履虫等微小食物，再转丰年虾无节幼体。
一次可能产数千卵，需预备足够育苗空间，但存活率常偏低，幼鱼互食可能是原因之一。季节性连续产卵数月后暂停、以及需 5～10 年才性成熟等说法尚未确证，不应作为确定繁殖时间表。
补充说明
它通过迷鳃呼吸空气，体表花纹和缓慢接近的动作则有助于伪装捕猎。虽有“斑点攀鲈”等商品称呼，也与攀鲈近缘，但没有已知的跨越干地能力，不能把名称相近当成行为相同。
English
Overview
Leaf-like camouflage and patient stalking distinguish Ctenopoma acutirostre. It is a robust predatory fish with a potentially long commitment: well-cared-for individuals may live beyond 15 years.
Distribution & habitat
The middle Congo range runs from Malebo Pool upstream to Boyoma Falls across the Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Central African Republic. Major tributary records include the Kasai, Lefini, Ubangi, Tshuapa, and Lomami.
Aquarium setup
Provide at least about 120 × 30 cm of floor space. Dim lighting, floating cover, roots, branches, tough plants such as Anubias, and dry leaves create concealed resting and hunting areas.
Diet & feeding
An obligate predator, it probably takes small fishes and invertebrates in nature. Most captive individuals adapt to nonliving food. Some accept dry preparations, but these should not dominate.
Offer young fish bloodworms, small earthworms, and chopped shrimp. Adults take fish strips, whole shrimp, mussels, live river shrimp, and larger worms. Avoid mammalian or poultry meat: unsuitable fats can accumulate and damage organs. Feeder goldfish and livebearers are unnecessary and can introduce parasites or disease.
Sexual dimorphism
Males have more gill-cover spines and a rough patch near the base of the tail stalk that females lack.
Breeding
Captive spawning is infrequently reported. Raising a juvenile group may improve the chance of natural pairing. Use a spacious spawning aquarium with abundant floating plants and a tightly fitted cover to retain warm, humid air needed for fry labyrinth-organ development.
Reported embraces release eggs and sperm together. Eggs rise into floating vegetation, and adults provide no care, so remove them afterward. Hatching takes about 48 hours, with free swimming following soon. Offer microscopic foods for approximately two days before introducing Artemia nauplii.
Thousands of eggs can be produced, demanding substantial rearing space. Survival is often poor, possibly partly through sibling predation. Seasonal runs of spawning and maturity delayed until five to ten years have been suggested, but should not be treated as established schedules.
Notes
The labyrinth organ permits air breathing, while camouflage and slow approaches aid prey capture. Trade names referring to climbing perch do not establish overland travel: this species is not known to cross dry ground.
来源
- https://www.seriouslyfish.com/species/ctenopoma-acutirostre(抓取于 2026-10-10)
ctenopoma-acutirostre · 文件: data/species/ctenopoma-acutirostre.md · 状态: 草稿