侧棘齿鮰 · Rainbow Characodon
概要
| 字段 | 值 |
|---|---|
| 类别 | 鱼 |
| 学名 | Characodon lateralis |
| 别名 | 側棘齒鮰 |
| 分类 | 鳉形目 Cyprinodontiformes › 谷鳉科 Goodeidae › Characodon |
| 水体 | 淡水 |
| 原产地 | 墨西哥 |
| 成体体长 | 6.5 cm |
| 饲养难度 | 中等 |
| 最小水体 | 108 L |
| 最小缸长 | 120 cm |
| 群居方式 | 群游 |
| 外部数据 | seriouslyfish characodon-lateralis;fishbase 6233 |
| 繁殖方式 | 卵胎生 |
| 领地性 | 是 |
水质参数
| 参数 | 耐受范围 | 最适范围 | 单位 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 水温 | 18–24 | — | °C |
| pH | 6–8 | — | — |
| 总硬度 | 5–15 | — | dGH |
概述
侧棘齿鮰（Characodon lateralis）来自墨西哥高原泉水，是会产出发育完整鱼苗的胎生鱼。饲养的重点除了水草掩护，还包括保留不同采集地群体：各地花色和体形存在差异，不宜为了配色而混合繁殖。
分布与栖息地
目前的分布解释倾向于将本种限定在杜兰戈州梅斯基塔尔河上游、埃尔萨尔蒂托瀑布以下的小片水域，但种界尚有争议。多生活在海拔约 1800 m 的泉水及出水口，偏好水浅、流动很弱、水草丰富的地方，底质和水的清浊程度并不完全一致。污染、地下水抽取、外来鱼和生境改变都威胁这些小种群。
饲养环境
建议底面积至少 120 × 30 cm，种植足够的水草，或保留适当的丝状藻，为受追逐的鱼和鱼苗提供藏身处。避免强水流，并规律地部分换水。掩护和空间尤其影响雄鱼能否共处。
食性与喂食
野外可能摄食小型无脊椎动物、硅藻和其他藻类，但完整食谱还不能确定。缸内可喂水蚤、丰年虾等小型活饵，同时提供丝状藻、含螺旋藻的饲料或烫熟菠菜。优质干粮可以作为补充，不宜成为唯一的主要食物。
习性与混养
以繁殖和保存种群为目的时宜专缸饲养。空间足够时可以与其他鱼共处，但雄鱼有较强的领地争夺，需要通过水草和布置减少碰面。
雌雄区分
雄鱼颜色更鲜艳，臀鳍具有用于传递精子的交配结构。雌鱼更大，怀孕时身体也更饱满。
繁殖
胚胎在母体内通过专门的营养结构获得供给，出生时已形成完整鱼苗。野外繁殖期可从 3 月延续到 9 月，求偶由雄鱼发起。妊娠通常约 50–55 天，每胎多为 10–20 尾；初生鱼苗较大，可以立即捕食丰年虾无节幼体等微小活饵。
补充说明
瀑布上下群体的分类归属尚未完全厘清，不能仅凭“彩虹”或“红王子”等商品称呼判断。不同野生群体应分别保存，来源不明的水族品系尤其不要与有明确采集地的鱼混养繁殖，以免丢失血系信息。
English
Overview
For Characodon lateralis, knowing the population's origin is an important part of keeping it. Color and body shape vary among local stocks, and mixing them sacrifices distinct lineages. This spring-dwelling Mexican livebearer also needs cover to manage male territorial disputes.
Distribution & habitat
The species is provisionally associated with sites below El Saltito waterfall in the upper Mezquital drainage of Durango. The interpretation remains unsettled because the limits of closely related populations are disputed.
Springs and their outlets around 1800 m elevation are typical. Shallow, nearly still water with plentiful plants is preferred, although clarity and bottom materials vary. Groundwater removal, pollution, introduced fish, and habitat alteration have reduced wild populations.
Aquarium setup
Allow a footprint of at least 120 by 30 cm. Abundant plants or filamentous algae create refuges for young and interrupt encounters between competing males. Keep circulation gentle and carry out regular partial water changes. Successful coexistence depends on both usable space and the arrangement of shelter.
Diet & feeding
Natural feeding is thought to involve small invertebrates, diatoms, and other algae. Supply small live prey such as water fleas and brine shrimp, together with plant-based items including algae, spirulina foods, or softened spinach. Quality dry food is accepted but should supplement a varied diet rather than dominate it.
Behaviour & compatibility
A dedicated population aquarium is preferable for breeding. Other species may be possible where space is ample. Males defend territories aggressively, though several can coexist when cover breaks up their interactions.
Sexual dimorphism
Brighter males have an anal-fin modification used to transfer sperm during mating. Females attain greater size and become noticeably heavier through the body during pregnancy.
Breeding
Young receive maternal nutrients through specialized trophotaeniae before being born fully developed. In nature, breeding extends over several months between March and September, with males initiating courtship. Pregnancies commonly last 50–55 days and produce around 10–20 young. The large newborns immediately take small moving prey, including newly hatched brine shrimp.
Notes
Popular names have been applied across disputed species boundaries, so a trade label cannot establish identity. Keep separate locality stocks apart, and never cross a documented wild lineage with the aquarium strain of uncertain origin. This preserves variation that cannot be recovered simply by selecting for a similar color afterward.
来源
- https://www.seriouslyfish.com/species/characodon-lateralis(抓取于 2026-10-10)
characodon-lateralis · 文件: data/species/characodon-lateralis.md · 状态: 草稿