伐氏短平口鲶 · Piramutaba
概要
| 字段 | 值 |
|---|---|
| 类别 | 鱼 |
| 学名 | Brachyplatystoma vaillantii |
| 别名 | 帕纳短平口鲶、梨油鲶、伐氏短平口鯰、帕納短平口鯰、梨油鯰 |
| 分类 | 鲶形目 Siluriformes › 长须鲶科 Pimelodidae › Brachyplatystoma |
| 水体 | 淡水 |
| 原产地 | 巴西、哥伦比亚、法属圭亚那、圭亚那、秘鲁、苏里南、委内瑞拉 |
| 成体体长 | 105 cm |
| 饲养难度 | 中等 |
| 群居方式 | 独居 |
| 外部数据 | seriouslyfish brachyplatystoma-vaillantii;fishbase 7555 |
| 食性 | 肉食 |
| 特征 | 吃小鱼: 是 |
水质参数
| 参数 | 耐受范围 | 最适范围 | 单位 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 水温 | 22–28 | — | °C |
| pH | 6–8 | — | — |
| 总硬度 | 1–20 | — | dGH |
概述
伐氏短平口鲶（Brachyplatystoma vaillantii）是大型洄游鲶，成年体表没有醒目的条纹斑点，尾鳍丝状延长部分消失。其生活空间和水质管理需求使它只适合公共水族馆或极少数具备相应设施的私人饲养者。
分布与栖息地
广布亚马孙、奥里诺科、圭亚那及巴西东北部水系，主要使用深而有流速的河道。雨季淡水使河口盐水退去时，幼鱼和未成熟鱼进入三角洲取食，盐水返回后大批上溯。此类移动更可能与取食、扩散有关；成熟个体曾在离河口约 3500 千米的卡克塔河流域被记录。
饲养环境
不适合精细草景，可选砂底与大型沉木，或便于清洁的简洁布置。照明柔和，过滤必须巨大、可靠，并配合严格维护以保持水质。普通鱼缸尺寸无法概括成体需求，应先解决长期设施再考虑幼鱼。
食性与喂食
天然几乎以鱼为食，包括甲鲶和其他底栖鱼。多数可以适应虾、贝肉、鱿鱼和鱼肉条等非活饵，不应每日投喂，成鱼每周最多一餐。
习性与混养
只能与大到无法吞下的鱼共同饲养，小型伙伴有明确捕食风险。
补充说明
幼鱼和成鱼的灰褐色背部向浅腹渐变，都无斑点或条纹；成年深叉尾的两叶较窄、近等长，上颌须可到脂鳍基部甚至尾鳍，尾丝则不再保留。这组特征比单一灰色外观更适合辅助辨认。
图片
图片来自 SeriouslyFish,版权归各摄影者所有。
English
Overview
An unspotted large migratory catfish, Brachyplatystoma vaillantii loses the long tail filaments of youth as it matures. Adult space and filtration needs restrict realistic care to public aquariums and a few private facilities with comparable capacity.
Distribution & habitat
The range includes the Amazon, Orinoco, Guianas, and northeastern Brazilian rivers. Deep flowing channels are favored. Young and immature fish exploit delta food when wet-season freshwater displaces salt, then move upstream in large numbers as salt returns. Those movements appear related to feeding and dispersal. Mature individuals have been recorded in the Caquetá basin roughly 3,500 km from the estuary.
Aquarium setup
Use a practical arrangement of sand and substantial wood or a simpler bare system. Fine planting is unrealistic. Subdued light, enormous dependable filtration, and strict maintenance are essential. A standard tank recommendation cannot substitute for planning adult accommodation.
Diet & feeding
Its natural diet is almost entirely fish, including bottom-dwelling catfish. Most accept suitable nonliving shrimp, shellfish, squid, and fish pieces. Avoid daily feeding; adults need no more than one meal per week.
Behaviour & compatibility
Only fish too large to swallow are potential companions. Smaller fish are at direct risk.
Notes
Both ages show gradual countershading from a gray or brown back without spots or stripes. Adults have a deeply forked tail with narrow near-equal lobes and barbels reaching toward the adipose base or farther, but no tail filaments. This combination is more useful than gray color alone.
来源
ID:brachyplatystoma-vaillantii · 文件: data/species/brachyplatystoma-vaillantii.md · 状态: 草稿