斑颊抟鱼

Overview

The paternal mouthbrooder Betta spilotogena has a distinctive pear-shaped throat blotch separated from the dark lower lip. A quiet, well-sheltered aquarium can support a pair or small group.

Distribution & habitat

The species occurs in Indonesia's Riau Islands province, having been described from northern Bintan and later recorded on Singkep in the Lingga archipelago. It uses freshwater swamps and streams shaded by dense bankside vegetation. Water is clear or only lightly tannin-stained, with fish generally in depths below 1 m.

Aquarium setup

A footprint of approximately 80 × 30 cm can house a pair or small group. Roots, branches, pots, and pipes create shaded refuges; a bare floor is an option for easier cleaning. Leaves add shelter and microbial growth that may supplement fry feeding, while wood and leaves can naturally tint the water.

Use dim lighting, shade-tolerant plants, and floating vegetation. Keep filtration gentle. A secure cover prevents jumping while a humid air gap remains available for breathing.

Diet & feeding

Likely prey include insects, small invertebrates, and zooplankton. Dry foods are usually learned, but regular live or frozen Daphnia, Artemia, and bloodworms provide variety. Small crickets and fruit flies can be offered after feeding them fish food or plant material. Avoid overfeeding.

Behaviour & compatibility

Large or boisterous tankmates may intimidate it and outcompete it for meals. A dedicated setup is generally preferable; companions must be very peaceful and share its requirements. Pairs or groups are possible, with groups showing more social interactions.

Sexual dimorphism

Mature males have broader heads, stronger color, and more extended fins.

Breeding

A separate breeding tank with a close-fitting lid preserves the warm, humid air needed for labyrinth development. Lengthy courtship may involve unproductive embraces before spawning. Fertilized eggs rest on the male's anal fin, are taken by the female, and are spat into the water for him to catch. This repeats until the full brood is transferred.

Stress or inexperience may cause premature release or swallowing. Leaving the female and existing companions in place generally avoids disruptive capture. Incubation lasts roughly 10–21 days. Free-swimming fry can be raised separately or alongside the adults, with some reports of faster growth in the latter situation.

Offer microworms and Artemia nauplii in small, varied portions two or three times daily, avoiding excessive Artemia use. Perform regular small water changes.

Notes

The pear-shaped throat mark is especially useful for identification. Multiple gill-cover spots and absence of dorsal and tail crossbars provide further clues. A labyrinth organ supports atmospheric oxygen uptake.