Betta hendra

Overview

Betta hendra builds bubble nests and displays conspicuous green iridescence along the body and fins. Its peat-swamp background calls for very soft acidic water, subdued surroundings, and ample female shelter during reproduction.

Distribution & habitat

Known only from the Sabangau peat-swamp forest near Palangkaraya in Central Kalimantan, Indonesian Borneo, it occupies shaded still water among submerged and emergent plants. Decomposing vegetation darkens the mineral-poor water, while leaves, branches, and roots cover the bottom.

Aquarium setup

A footprint of at least 45 × 30 cm accommodates a pair or small group. Wood, branches, pots, short tubes, and leaves can provide separate dark retreats. Leaves also support microorganisms useful to fry; a bare base is an option for easier cleaning.

Keep lighting low and include suitable shade-tolerant and floating plants. Acidic water with very little general or carbonate hardness may require a reliable soft-water supply. Gently running mature sponge filtration is sufficient. Prevent jumping with a secure cover while leaving humid air and access above the water.

Diet & feeding

Insects and other tiny invertebrates are considered probable natural foods. Fish generally learn to take dry products, supplemented regularly with water fleas, Artemia, bloodworms, and similar live or frozen items. Small insects can be fed before use. Keep portions modest.

Behaviour & compatibility

Dedicated accommodation is preferable, although exceptionally gentle companions with compatible requirements may work. Large, active, or competitive fishes can suppress it. Pairs and groups are possible, with sufficient shelter and visual separation.

Sexual dimorphism

Mature males show much stronger green reflection on the flanks and fins, together with darker, more pronounced vertical gill-cover bars.

Breeding

Males may place nests inside tubes or containers, under broad leaves, or among fine surface vegetation. Females are generally excluded until construction is complete. Before spawning, the female becomes paler with dark body bars. Repeated embraces release eggs, which the male places in the nest; she may retrieve fallen ones.

Clutches often contain fewer than 20 eggs, although larger batches around 50 occur. Both adults can normally remain, with the male taking over nest care. Eggs hatch after roughly 24–72 hours; larvae remain supported by yolk for several more days. He returns fallen larvae until they swim independently, then loses interest. Adults usually leave the young unharmed.

Keep air above the nursery warm and humid. Swimming fry can take microworms and Artemia nauplii. Offer varied small meals two or three times daily without excessive reliance on the latter, and change modest amounts of water regularly.

Notes

Older trade labels include Betta sp. ‘Sengalang/Palangkayara’ and ‘Sebangua’. Different historical labels do not necessarily indicate separate species.