Aulonocara hansbaenschi · Red Shoulder Peacock

Overview

The Lake Malawi peacock Aulonocara hansbaenschi shows a strong preference for rocky cavities at one documented locality. Generally mild, males may still challenge similarly patterned companions. Varied trade names and disputed species limits make provenance useful.

Distribution & habitat

Known localities include Masinje, Fort Maguire, Mara Point, and Thumbi West Island. It occupies rock–sand transition habitat. At Masinje it favors shallow rocky caves and crevices, differing from the familiar image of peacocks feeding only over open sand.

Aquarium setup

Provide stable rockwork with cavities alongside open fine-sand patches. Coarser particles may hinder feeding, injure gills, or be swallowed. Hard-water-tolerant plants are optional. Use mature filtration and avoid pollution or chemical swings, with weekly changes of around 30–50%.

Diet & feeding

The genus typically detects small prey through head sensory pores and sifts substrate. Feed fine prepared foods with small live or frozen Artemia, bloodworms, Tubifex, or mosquito larvae. Include some plant-rich products and split feeding into three or four small portions rather than one heavy meal.

Behaviour & compatibility

Choose peaceful companions with different patterns. Avoid most boisterous mbuna and other members of the genus that may hybridize. One male with four to six females is preferable in all but very large aquariums.

Sexual dimorphism

Males are larger and more colorful than females.

Breeding

A maternal mouthbrooder, it can breed in a community, though dedicated breeding improves fry retention. Flat rocks and sand offer spawning sites, and several females reduce concentrated male harassment. Eggs are collected and fertilized through the egg-spot sequence.

Females normally fast while carrying the brood for up to roughly four weeks. Disturbance may cause loss; long isolation can also affect reintegration. Feed released fry after any remaining yolk is absorbed, starting with Artemia nauplii. Sex differences often become apparent around four months.

Notes

Some authors regard it as a geographic form of a close relative rather than a separate species. Trade labels alone cannot resolve that question; maintain provenance for breeding stock.