蟾鱼 · Freshwater Toadfish
概要
| 字段 | 值 |
|---|---|
| 类别 | 鱼 |
| 学名 | Allenbatrachus grunniens |
| 别名 | 真蟾鱼、喉鸣杜父鱼、裸蟾鱼、蟾魚、真蟾魚、喉鳴杜父魚、裸蟾魚、Grunting Toadfish、Grunzender Krötenfisch、Cottus grunniens、Batrachoides gangene、Cottus indus |
| 分类 | 蟾鱼目 Batrachoidiformes › 蟾鱼科 Batrachoididae › Allenbatrachus |
| 水体 | 半咸水 |
| 原产地 | 柬埔寨、印度、印度尼西亚、马来西亚、缅甸、菲律宾、泰国 |
| 成体体长 | 30 cm |
| 饲养难度 | 中等 |
| 群居方式 | 独居 |
| 外部数据 | seriouslyfish allenbatrachus-grunniens;fishbase 6391 |
水质参数
| 参数 | 耐受范围 | 最适范围 | 单位 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 水温 | 23–28 | — | °C |
| pH | 7.5–9 | — | — |
| 总硬度 | 15–25 | — | dGH |
概述
蟾鱼（Allenbatrachus grunniens）虽然常被冠以“淡水蟾鱼”或“淡水狮子鱼”商品名，长期纯淡水饲养通常表现不佳。它本身无毒，但背鳍和鳃盖上的硬棘仍能刺伤皮肤，移动和维护时需要小心。
分布与栖息地
分布从印度、孟加拉国恒河三角洲向东，沿缅甸、泰国、马来西亚、柬埔寨、越南及菲律宾海岸延伸。西印度洋马达加斯加、留尼汪等地外形相似的鱼，过去曾归在同名下，后被分为 Allenbatrachus meridionalis。
饲养环境
它能适应不同盐度，但长期维持纯淡水通常不理想。应按半咸水鱼规划环境，不能只因商店使用“淡水”名称就认定完全不需盐分；具体盐度不能从商品名推算。
捞取、转移或清理靠近鱼体的区域时，要避开背部及鳃盖硬棘。无毒不代表没有机械刺伤风险。
补充说明
受惊、尤其离水时能发出可听见的声音，“喉鸣”类俗名由此而来。它也常与 Batrachomoeus trispinosus 混淆。
本种通常有 3 块主要不规则深色体斑，近似的 Allenbatrachus reticulatus 则为 4 块；牙齿及眼周须状突起形态也有差异。与 A. meridionalis 相比，本种眼前、眼后都有须状突起，臀鳍鳍条通常 16～17 条，背鳍鳍条通常 19 条。这些应结合观察，不能只靠单一花纹判断。
蟾鱼科多为海水或半咸水中的伏击捕食者，但科级习性不能替代本种具体食物和混养资料。
图片
图片来自 SeriouslyFish,版权归各摄影者所有。
English
Overview
Despite freshwater toadfish or freshwater lionfish trade labels, Allenbatrachus grunniens usually fares poorly in freshwater over extended periods. It is not venomous, but dorsal and gill-cover spines can still puncture skin.
Distribution & habitat
The range extends east from the Ganges delta in India and Bangladesh along the coasts of Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Cambodia, Vietnam, and the Philippines. Similar western Indian Ocean fish from Madagascar and Réunion, once included under the same name, were separated as Allenbatrachus meridionalis.
Aquarium setup
Tolerance of varying salinity does not establish suitability for permanent freshwater maintenance. Plan a brackish system rather than relying on a shop's freshwater label. That label also cannot supply a precise salinity target.
Avoid the dorsal and gill-cover spines when netting, transferring, or cleaning near the fish. Lack of venom does not eliminate puncture risk.
Notes
Disturbance, particularly removal from water, can provoke audible sounds, explaining its grunting common name. Confusion with Batrachomoeus trispinosus also occurs.
Three major irregular dark body blotches help separate it from the four typically found in Allenbatrachus reticulatus. Teeth and orbital appendages provide additional characters. Compared with A. meridionalis, it has appendages both before and behind the eye, usually 16–17 anal rays and around 19 dorsal rays. Combine several traits rather than relying on one marking.
Most toadfishes are marine or brackish ambush predators, but that family-level description does not establish a species-specific feeding or compatibility plan.
来源
- https://www.seriouslyfish.com/species/allenbatrachus-grunniens(抓取于 2026-10-10)
allenbatrachus-grunniens · 文件: data/species/allenbatrachus-grunniens.md · 状态: 草稿